Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Divides body upper and lower
Superior/Inferior
Rotation
A
Transverse Plane
2
Q
Closer to the head/closer to the feet
Ex shoulders superior to the knees , knees inferior to the shoulder
A
Superior/Inferior
3
Q
Closer to the head/closer to buttocks or feet
A
Cranial/Caudal
4
Q
Further to the front/Further toward the back
Ventral/Dorsal
A
Anterior/Posterior
5
Q
Closer to the midline/Away from the midline
A
Medial/Lateral
6
Q
Structure further away from the trunk/Structure closer to the trunk
Only when referring to the arms and legs
Elbow proximal to the wrist
Ankle distal to the knee
A
Distal/Proximal
7
Q
Closer to the body’s surface/Deeper to body surface
Pec Major is superficial to the ribs
A
Superficial/Deep
8
Q
Movement opens or straightens joint/ movement bends joints brings bones closer together
Takes place in the Sagittal plane
A
Extension/Flexion
9
Q
Bring joint toward the body/move away from the body
Happens in frontal plane
A
Adduction/Abduction
10
Q
Internal/external rotation
Occurs at shoulder and hip joints
A
Medial/lateral rotation
11
Q
Pertains to the axial skeleton only head and vertebral column
Happens in transverse plane
A
Rotation
12
Q
At shoulder and hip joints
Cone shape movement
All movements together
A
Circumduction
13
Q
Occurs at axial skeleton
Bends lateral side
A
Lateral Flexion
14
Q
Turn upward/turn downward
Radius crosses the ulna
Can occur at the feet
A
Supination/Pronation
15
Q
Turn in/ Turn Out
A
Inversion/Eversion
16
Q
Push jaw forward/Push jaw back inosition
A
Protraction/Retraction
17
Q
Wander from the usual course occurs at the mandible during talking and chewing/ happens only at the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb pad crosses the palm toward the last pinkie
A
Deviation/Opposition
18
Q
Retracts when performing Adduction
Protraction performing abduction
Upward and downward rotation
A
Scapula movements
19
Q
To push downward/push upward
A
Plantar Flexion/Dorsiflexion
20
Q
How many bones
A
206
21
Q
The skeleton’s center, cranium,vertebral column, ribs, sternum, and hyoid bone.
A
Axial Skeleton
22
Q
Divides the body into left and right halves
Medial and lateral
Flexion and Extension occurs here
Midsagittal plane here
A
Sagittal Plane
23
Q
Is composed of the arms and legs, including the pectoral girdle( scapula and clavicle) and pelvic girdle (hips)
A
Appendicular Skeleton
24
Q
The second veterbra
A
Axis
(C2)
25
First cervical vertebra, articulating with the occipital bone and rotating around the odontoid process of the axis.
Atlas
| C1
26
Triangular shaped bone
Stabilization and arm movement
Attachment site for 16 muscles
Scapula
27
Shinbone
| Runs superficially from knee to the ankle
Tibia
28
Lateral to the Tibia
Thinnest bone in the body
Only bare 10% of body weight
Fibula
29
Considered the sit bones
Located on the most nefarious aspect of the pelvis at the gluteal fold
Attachment site for hamstrings,adductor Magnus and sacrotuberous ligament
Ischial Tuberosity
30
Located distal to Iliac Crest, superficial located on the side of the hip.
Attachment site for gluteus ledius, minimums, and lateral rotators of the hip.
Greater Trochanter
31
Helps form the hip
| Fuses with ischium and pubis
Ilium
32
Fuses with the ilium and pubis forms the hip bone
Ischium
33
Small uniquely shaped bones wedged together
| Accessible along the dorsal surface of the foot
Tarsals
34
Divisions of the spine
Cervical,Thoracic and lumbar
35
How many bones in the vertebral column
24
36
How many bones in cervical vertebrae
7
37
How many bones in thoracic?
12
38
How many bones in lower back
5
39
Shin splits happens here
| Thick membrane between the tibia and fibula
Interosseous membrane
40
Bump of knowledge
Small superficial point along the back of the head at the center of the occiput
Attachment site of trapezius muscles, ligament umm nuchae
External Occipital Protuberance
41
Horse shaped
Located superiorly to thyroid cartilage
Attachment site for the supra hyoid infra hyoid muscles
Elevates while swallowing
Hyoid Bone
42
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Jaw Bone
Body lower jaw
Base jaw line
Submandibular Fossa on the underside
Ramus
```
Mandible
43
Form the center of the face,inferior portion of the orbit of the eye
Surface around the nose, and the upper jaw in which upper row of teeth articulate
Maxilla
44
Formed by the temporal and zygomatic bones.
| Attachment site for masseter muscle
Zygomatic Arch
45
Divides the body into front and back portions
Anterior and posterior
Adduction/Abduction
Frontal (Coronal Plane)
45
Formed by the metatarsophalangeal joints and interphalangeal joint of the foot
Formed by the metacarpophalangeal joints, proximal interphalangeal joints, and distal interphalangeal joints of the hand (14)
Phalanges
47
Muscle that carries out an action
Agonist
48
Muscle that supports the agonist
Synergist
49
Muscle that has an opposite action of agonist
Antagonist
50
Attaches Muscle to Bone
Tendon
51
Connects bone to bone
Ligament
52
Range usually expressed in degrees, through which a joint can move or be moved.
Active or Passive
Range of Motion
53
Applied by the therapist while the client remains relaxed
Passive Movement
54
Performed actively performs the movement
Active Movement
55
Performed by the client while the therapist assists
Active Assisted Movement
56
Performed by the client while the therapist gently resists
Active Resisted Movement
57
Longest muscle in the body
L.Sartor, tailor
A: Flex, lateral rotate, abduct the hip; flex and medially rotate the knee
O: ASIS
I: proximal,medial shaft of the tibia at pes Anserinus tendon
N: Femoral, L2,3,(4)
Sartorius
58
large superficial and the most clearly isolated of the group lies lateral to the tibial shaft
A: Invert the foot, dorsiflex the ankle
O:lateral condyles, proximal, lateral surface of tibia and the interosseous membrane
I: Medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal
N: Deep peroneal L4,5,S1
Tibialis Anterior
59
A: Invert the foot/ Plantar flex the ankle
O: Proximal, posterior shafts of tibia and fibula; interosseous membrane
I: All five tarsal bones and bases of second through fourth metatarsals
Tibialis Posterior
60
located on the lateral side of the fibula,
lies between the extensor digitorum longus and the soleus
both accessible
Peroneals
61
A: Evert the foot/ Plantar flex the ankle
O: head of fibula/proximal two-thirds of lateral fibula
I: Base of the first metatarsal and medial cuneiform
Peroneus Longus
62
A: Evert the foot/Assist to plantar flex the ankle
O: Distal two-third of lateral fibula
I: Tuberosity of fifth metatarsal
Peroneus Brevis
63
large muscle mass of the posterior leg
Gastrocnemius and soleus muscles
64
when the gastrocnemius and soleus forms together its called the
triceps surae
65
superficial
has two heads
crosses the two joints the knee and the ankle
greek for belly of the leg
between the hamstring tendons, extend halfway down the leg to the calcaneal tendon and thin
Gastrocnemius
66
deep to the gastrocnemius, yet its medial and lateral fibers bulge from the sides of the leg and extend further distal than the gastrocs heads.
thick
considered the second heart helps return blood from leg to the heart
Soleus
67
A; Flex the knee/Plantar flex the ankle
O: Condyles of the femur, posterior surfaces
I: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
gastrocnemius
68
A: Plantar flex the ankle
O: Soleal line; proximal, posterior surface of tibia and posterior aspect of head of fibula
I: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Soleus
69
located along the posterior thigh between the vastus lateralis and adductor magnus
hip extensors and knee flexors
ALL ORIGINATE AT ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY
HAMSTRINGS
70
lateral hamstring, has two heads
| superficial long head and a deeper indicernible short head
Biceps Femoris
71
Medial hamstrings include the two semi muscles
| lies superficial to the wider and deeper
Semitendinousus and semimembranosus
72
A: flex the knee/laterally rotate the flexed knee; long head: Extend the hip/ and Assist to laterally rotate the hip/tilt the pelvis posteriorly
O: Long head ischial tuberosity; Short head Lateral lip of linea aspera
I: head of fibula
Biceps Femoris
73
A: Flex the knee/ Medially rotate the flexed knee/Extend the hip/ assist to medially rotate/ Tilt pelvis posteriorly
O: Ischial Tuberosity
I: Proximal, medial shaft of the tibia at pes anserinus tendon
Semitendinousus
74
A: Flex the knee/ Medially rotate the flexed knee/Extend the hip/ assist to medially rotate/ Tilt pelvis posteriorly
O: Ischial Tuberosity
I: Posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia
Semimembranosus
75
four large quadriceps muscles primarily extend the knee
Quadriceps Femoris Group
76
Name all four of the Quadriceps
Rectus femoris, Vastus Medialis, vastus Lateralis, and Vastus inermedius
77
located on the anterior thigh and is the only quadriceps that crosses two joints the hp and knee, superficial
Rectus Femoris
78
deep to the rectus femoris can be accessed if shifted to the side
Vastus intermedius
79
teardrop muscle palpable mor outer
Vastus Medialis
80
sole muscle of the lateral thigh, lies next to the biceps femoris, one of the hamstrings
deep to the iliotibial tract accessible
Vastus Lateralis
81
All Extend the knee
Rectus femoris Flex the hip as well
O: Rectus Femoris -anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
Vastus Medialis-Medial lip of linea aspera
Vastus Lateralis-lateral lip of linea aspera,gluteal tuberosity and greater trochanter
Vastus Intermedius-Anterior and lateral shaft of the femur
I:Tibial Tuberosity via the patella and patellar ligament
Actions of Quad group
82
The three gluteal muscles are located in the buttock region, deep to the surrounding adipose tissue
Gluteals
83
superficial most posterior of the group
All Fibers: Extend, laterally rotate, abduct the hip lower fibers adduct the hip
O: Coccyx, edge of sacrum,posterior iliac crest, sacrotuberous and sacroiliac ligaments
I:Iliotibial tract(upper fibers) and gluteal tuberosity(lower fibers)
Gluteus Maximus
84
helps both Gluteus Maximus/Minims
walking muscle/hip stabilizer
"Deltoid muscle of the coxal joint"
A: Abduct the hip., Flex and Medially rotate the hip(Anterior Fibers), Extend/Laterally Rotate the hip
O: Gluteal surface of ilium, between posterior and anterior gluteal lines, just below the iliac crest
I: Lateral Aspect of greater Trochanter
Gluteus Medius
85
lies deep to the gluteus medius inaccessible
attaches to anterior surface of greater trochanter
performs opposite actions of the gluteus maximus
A: Abduct/med rotate/flex the hip
O: Gluteal surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines
I: Anterior aspect of greater trochanter
Gluteus minimus
86
Six muscles located deep to the gluteus maximus and create lateral rotation of the hip
-all attach to the aspects of the trochanter and medially to the sacrum and pelvis
Piriformis,
Quadratus Femoris,
Obturator Internus,
Obturator Externus,
Gemellus Superior, and Gemellus Inferior
Deep Six or Lateral Rotators of the Hip
87
lies superficial to the sciatic nerve danger for over compressing it
A: Laterally rotate and Abduct the hip when the hip is flexed
O: Anterior surface of sacrum
I: Superior aspect of greater trochanter
Piriformis
88
A: Laterally rotate the hip
O: Lateral border of ischial tuberosity
I: Intertrochanteric crest, between the greater and lesser trochanters
Quadratus Femoris
89
A: Laterally rotate the hip
O: Obturator Membrane and inferior surface of obturator foramen
I: Medial surface of greater trochanter
Obturator Internus
90
A: Laterally rotate the hip
O: Rami of pubis and ischium, obturator membrane
I: Trochanteric fossa of femur
Obturator Externus
91
A: Laterally rotate the hip
O: Ischial Spine
I: Medial surface of greater trochanter
Gemellus Superior
92
A: Laterally rotate the hip
O: Ischial Tuberosity
I: Medial surface of greater trochanter
Gemellus Inferior
93
Name the five adductors are located along the medial thigh between the hamstrings and quadriceps femoris muscles
```
Adductor Magnus
Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis
Pectineus
Gracilis
```
94
These are most anterior adductors
Pectineus and adductor longus
95
Behind the pectineus and adductor longus
O: inferior ramus of pubis
I: Pectineal line and medial lip of linea aspera
adductor brevis
96
floor of the adductors lies anterior to the hamstrings
most posterior
O: inferior ramus of the pubis, ramus of ischium and ischial tuberosity (has the hole)
I: Medial lip of linea aspera and adductor tubercle
adductor magnus
97
Fifth adductor
lies superficially on the medial thigh
is the only adductor that crosses the knee
O: inferior ramus of pubis
I: Proximal, medial shaft of tibia at pes anserinus tendon
semitendons/semimembranous
Gracilis
98
All adduct the hip, medially rotate the hip
All except Gracilis assist to flex the hip
Gracilis flex the knee, medially rotate
Posterior fibers of Adductor Magnus Extend the hip
Actions of the adductors
99
O Pubic tubercle
| I medial lip of linea aspera
Adductor Longus
100
O: superior ramus of pubis
I: Pectineal line of femur
Pctineus
101
TFL, small superficial muscle located on the lateral side of the upper thigh
Easily accessible between the upper fibers of the rectus femoris and the gluteus medius,
A: flex, medially rotate, abduct the hip
O Iliac crest, posterior to the ASIS
I iliotibial tract
Tensor Fasciae Latae
102
```
A: longest tendon in the body
Weak plantar flexion of the ankle
Weak flexion of the knee
O: lateral supracondylar line of femur
I: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
```
Plantaris
103
```
unlocking joint key that unlocks the knee
located in the popliteal space
small short belly
lying beneath the gastrocnemius
weak flexor of the knee
```
A : medially rotate the flexed knee, Flex the knee
O: Lateral condyle of the femur
I: Proximal, posterior aspect of tibia
Popliteus
104
finlike sheet of connective tissue that runs along the sagittal plane from the external occipital protuberance to the spinous process of c-7 in the neck
**** Helps stabilize the head and neck and attachment site for superficial muscles like the traps and splenius capitis.
Ligmentum Nuchae p.218
105
(Latin: rough line) is a ridge of roughened surface on the posterior surface of the femur, to which are attached muscles and intermuscular septum.
Vastus Medialis attaches to the Medial lip of this
Vastus Lateralis originates at the lateral lip of this
Short head of the biceps femoris originates at the lateral lip of this
Linea Aspera
106
the anterior opening of the mandibular canal on the body of the mandible lateral to and above the mental tubercle giving passage to the mental artery and nerve.
Mental Foramen
107
outer/moveable
| proximal/non-moveable
insertion
| origin
