anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
what are bones held together by
A
- by strong fibrous bands called ligaments
2
Q
the axial skeleton
A
- provides main support for erect posture, protects central nervous system
- skull, vertebral column, sternum, ribs
3
Q
the skull
A
- series of bones fused together to provide a protective case for the brain
- an important factor in moving and balance
4
Q
the spine
A
- made up of vertebrae, coccyx, sacrum
- sit on top of one another with cartilage in between
- the spine has natural opposing curves to create posture
- posture is important for balance, muscle development and prevention of injury
5
Q
the ribs
A
- we have 12 pairs which attach to the spine and sternum
- protect vital organs
6
Q
the appendicular skeleton
A
- pelvis, pelvic / pectoral girdles, upper and lower limbs
7
Q
the shoulder
A
- involves the clavicle and shoulder blade
- ball and socket joint
8
Q
the arm
A
- consist of three bones: humerus, radius and ulna
9
Q
the wrist and hand
A
- carpals
- metacarpals
- phalanges
10
Q
the pelvis
A
- attached to the vertebral column
- pelvic girdles
11
Q
the legs
A
- femur
- tibia
- fibula
- patella
12
Q
the ankle and foot
A
- tarsals
- metatarsals
- phalanges
13
Q
what are muscles
A
- stretch across joints to link bones and work in groups to respond to nerve impulses
- made up of elastic tissue, with individual fibres making up each muscle
14
Q
what are joints
A
- a joint is a structure in the body where two or more bones meet
- bones are joined by fibrous tissue called ligaments (cross over joints)
15
Q
different types of joints
A
- fibrous: allow no movement, held together by fibrous connective tissue. e.g sutures of skull, teeth in sockets
- cartilaginous: connected to eachother by pads of cartilage, move a small amount. e.g vertebrae
- synovial: joints containing lubricating fluid, lots of movement. e.g limbs
16
Q
different types of synovial joints
A
- ball and socket (hip, shoulder)
- hinge (knee, elbow)
- pivot (radius and ulna)
- gliding (vertebrae)
- saddle (thumbs)
17
Q
muscles in the neck
A
- sternomastoid (front)
- trapezius (back)
18
Q
muscles in the shoulder and chest
A
- deltoids (back)
- pectoral group
19
Q
muscles in the arms
A
- biceps
- triceps
20
Q
muscles in the stomach and back
A
- abdominal group
- intercostals
21
Q
muscles in the hand
A
- hand and finger flexors (front)
- hand and finger extensors (back
22
Q
muscles of the bum
A
- gluteal group
23
Q
muscles of the back of the leg
A
- gastrocnemius (calf)
- hamstring group
- achilles tendon
24
Q
muscles of the front of the leg
A
- quadriceps group
- tibialis anterior (shin)
25
functions of the skeleton
- gives shape and form: provides a framework
- enables movement: provides an attachment surface for muscles
- protects vital organs
- storage of mineral salts
- produces blood cells
