anatomy 4

Question 1

what is the CNS covered in

Answer 1

menings

Question 2

menings=

Answer 2

layer of tissue separating CNS from the rest of the body

Question 3

menings is comprised of three layers

Answer 3

1- piamater
2-arachnoid mater
3- dura mater

Question 4

the pia mater is

Answer 4

adherent to the brain, dips into the sulci of the brain

Question 5

arachnoid mater is

Answer 5

in the middle

Question 6

dura mater is the

Answer 6

outermost, very tough layer

Question 7

within menings the CNS is bathed in

Answer 7

Cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF)

Question 8

CSF is produced by

Answer 8

specialised epithelium (chloroid plexus) lining cavities within the brain (ventricles)

Question 9

CSF have a high conc of / and _ ions compared to plasma

Answer 9

sodium, chloride and magnesium

Question 10

CSF circulates through…

Answer 10

ventricles (cavities) within the brain before exiting onto brain surface

Question 11

CSF is reabsorbed into venous circulation at specialised points called

Answer 11

arachnoid granulation

Question 12

ventricles=

Answer 12

spaces or cavities within the brain linked by passageways called aqueducts

Question 13

ventricles allow CSF to

Answer 13

circulate through the brain

Question 14

lumbar puncture=

Answer 14

CSF removed with a needle with minimal risk of nerve damage

Question 15

increased levels of white blood cells indicates

Answer 15

infection such as meningitis

Question 16

increased levels of red blood cells in CSF indicates

Answer 16

brain haemorrhage/stroke

Question 17

in adults the spinal cord terminates at

Answer 17

L1

Question 18

spinal nerves for levels below L1 must

Answer 18

leave spinal cord near its termination/descend into menings, floating in CSF until they exit at their vertebral level

Question 19

in the space inferior to termination of spinal cord, the nerves within the menings=

Answer 19

cauda equina

Question 20

increased white blood cells in CSF indicate an infection such as

Answer 20

meningitis

Question 21

increased red blood cells in CSF indicate

Answer 21

brain haemorrhage/stroke

Question 22

there is not enough space around the spinal cord to allow for…

Answer 22

safe removal of CSF superior to its termination