Anatomy

Question 0

How would you treat a septal haematoma?

Answer 0

Incised and drained to avoid avascular necrosis of the septal hyaline cartilage

Question 1

Why shouldn’t you use adrenaline containing anaesthetics on the nose?

Answer 1

It’s made up of avascular hyaline cartilage which gains it’s nutrients from the skin through diffusion, adrenaline would cause these vessels to constrict causing inadequate diffusion

Question 2

What makes the roof of each nasal cavity?

Answer 2

Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone, crista Galla of ethmoid bone

Question 3

What makes the lateral wall of the nasal cavities?

Answer 3

Orbital plate of ethmoid, ethmoidal air cells, superior middle and inferior conchae

Question 4

The floor of the nasal cavities is made up of..

Answer 4

Right and left maxillae and palatine bones

Question 5

What makes up the medial wall (septum) of nasal cavities?

Answer 5

Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, the vomer, septal cartilages

Question 6

Which Le Fort fractures can cause spread of infection from nasal cavity to cranial fossa and why?

Answer 6

II AND III because they break the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

Question 7

What are the three arteries that branch off to supply the nose?

Answer 7

Internal carotid - ophthalmic artery

External carotid - facial and maxillary artery

Question 8

What is the significance of Kiesselbachs area?

Answer 8

It is an arterial anastamosis on the anteroinferior area of the nasal septum which is the most common area of epistaxis

Question 9

What are the mucosas which line the nose cavity?

Answer 9

Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium, mainly by respiratory epithelium (pseudostratified columnar with cilia and goblet cells) and specialised olfactory mucosa

Question 10

What is the only cranial nerve that doesn’t terminate in the thalamus?

Answer 10

CN I olfactory

Terminates in the temporal lobe

Question 11

What gives somatic sensory innervation to the nasal cavities?

Answer 11

Trigeminal CN V
CNV1 opthalmic supply the anterosuperior
CNV2 maxillary supply the posteroinferior

Question 12

What is the function of concha?

Answer 12

Make the air more turbulent and increase the surface area of respiratory mucosa

Question 13

Which concha is not attached to the ethmoid bone?

Answer 13

Inferior concha

Question 14

Name the four spaces in the nasal cavities where the paranasal sinuses drain to

Answer 14

Sphenoethmoidal recess

Superior middle and inferior meatus

Question 15

Name the 4 paranasal sinuses

Answer 15

Frontal 2
Maxillary 2
Ethmoidal air cells 2 areas
Sphenoidal 1

Question 16

Where does the mucous from the sphenoidal sinus drain to?

Answer 16

Sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 17

Where does the mucous from the ethmoidal air cells drain to?

Answer 17

Superior and middle meatus

Question 18

Where does the mucous from the maxillary sinus drain to?

Answer 18

Middle meatus

Question 19

Where does the mucous from the frontal sinus drain?

Answer 19

Middle meatus

Question 20

Where does the tears from the nasopacrimal duct drain?

Answer 20

Inferior meatus

Question 21

Why can sinusitis mimic toothache

Answer 21

Referred pain as the trigeminal nerve supplies sensory function to: maxilla, mandible, Antrum mucosa and all the teeth

Question 22

Why are we predisposed to antral/maxilla sinusitis?

Answer 22

The ostia in the maxillary sinus is superior to the floor so the mucous has to be drained against gravity by the cilia