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Neuroscience 380 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The 3 structures making up the brainstem are

A

midbrain, pons, medulla

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2
Q

The 2 structures that make up the forebrain are

A

diencephalon and cerebral hemispheres

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3
Q

What does the brainstem do?

A

relays information between the forebrain and spinal cord

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4
Q

What structures make up the hindbrain?

A

the brainstem and cerebllum

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5
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A

Fine motor control, motor learning, balance, eye movements, coordinates motion

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6
Q

What does the cerebrum do?

A

Integrates sensory information and controls motor behavior

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7
Q

What does the diencephalon do?

A

Coordinates sensory information to different brain regions, manages emotion, memory, autonomic and endocrine regulation

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8
Q

What does the midbrain do?

A

Coordinates sensory systems, regulates motor control, sleep/wake cycles, arousal, and temperature

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9
Q

What does the Medulla do?

A

Major station for spinal nerve nuclei, autonomic (heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, emesis)

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10
Q

From superior to inferior what are the 4 regions of the spinal cord and how many sections are in each?

A

8 Cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, (and 1 coccygeal)

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11
Q

What does the Frontal Lobe do?

A

Affect, decision making, reward & value, problem solving, planning, eye movements, speech production

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12
Q

What does the Parietal Lobe do?

A

Multisensory integration, sensory experience, visuo-spatial processing, motion perception

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13
Q

What does the Occipital Lobe do?

A

Visual perception, visual processing, color recognition

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14
Q

What does the Temporal Lobe do?

A

Auditory processing, speech

   recognition, visual object

   recognition, memory
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15
Q

What divides the Frontal and Parietal Lobes?

A

Central Sulcus

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16
Q

What separates the Temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes?

A

lateral (Sylvian) fissure

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17
Q

What divides the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe?

A

parieto-occipital sulcus

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18
Q

What is the Optic Chiasm?

A

Crossing of visual tracks

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19
Q

What does the Mammilary Body do?

A

Recognition of Memory

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20
Q

What does the Parahippocampal gyrus do?

A

Navigation

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21
Q

What does the Inferior olive do?

A

Coordinated movement

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22
Q

What does the Cerebral peduncles do?

A

Cortico-brainstem tracks movement

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23
Q

What does the Pons do?

A
  1. Cortico-brainstem tracks main
  2. Fiber structures that connect from cerebellum to spinal cord and cerebellum to cortex.
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24
Q

What does the Medullary Pyramids do?

A

Cortico-spinal motor tracks

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25
Q

What does the corpus callosum do?

A

Crossing cortical fibers between hemispheres

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26
Q

What does the Cingulate gyrus do?

A

Sensory emotions, emotional pain, regulates aggression

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27
Q

What does the Anterior commissure do?

28
Q

What does the Hypothalamus do?

A

Hormones, food/water satiety

29
Q

Where does the vision path cross?

A

Optic Chiasm

30
Q

What does the Cerebral aqueduct do?

31
Q

What is the Inferior colliculus?

A
  1. Auditory Processing
  2. localization of sound in space (determine location of where sound is coming from) and directing your attention to those sounds.
32
Q

What is the dorsal thalamus?

A

multisensory integration

33
Q

what is the pineal gland for?

A

circadian rhythm

34
Q

what is the superior colliculus for?

A
  1. eye movement
  2. directs your gaze towards point in space. Determine where you will make your eye movements. Inside this is a map of where your eyes are and where your eyes move.
35
Q

Where do different parts of the Spinal cord go to?

A
  1. Cervical goes to arms
  2. Lumbosacral goes to legs
  3. Central part goes to gut
  4. Lateral (outside) goes to limbs
36
Q

What detects poisons in the CSF?

37
Q

Describe how the spinal cord works

A

Fibers come in from the dorsal roots (back of SC) that carry sensory information from the body. Another set that leave throught the lateral side that carry motor information. It is NOT only this. there is a small percentage that carry motor from dorsal.

38
Q

What are the 3 important anatomical structures in spinal cord?

A

Columns (vertical), Horns (base surrounding columns), Roots (fibers going to and from body)

39
Q

Describe Laminae

A

a) Laminae 1-6 are dorsal, 7-12 are ventral
b) Dorsal horn has sensory neurons. Ventral horn motor neurons.
c) Dorsal column carries ascending sensory fibers to medulla (somatosensory).
d) Lateral columns carry cortico-spinal fibers to motor neurons and interneurons. Also carry proprioceptive and descending vestibular information.
e) Ventral columns carry ascending fibers for pain/temperature and descending motor fibers.

40
Q

What are the first 6 cranial nerves?

A

On Old Olympus Towering Top A Fat Voluptuous German Viewed Some Hops

  1. Olfactory nerve
  2. Optic nerve
  3. Oculomotor nerve
  4. Trochlear nerve
  5. Trigeminal nerve
  6. Abducens nerve
41
Q

What are the 7-12 cranial nerves?

A

On Old Olympus Towering Top A Fat Voluptuous German Viewed Some Hops

  1. Facial nerve
  2. Vestibulocochlear (auditory) nerve
  3. Glossopharyngeal nerve
  4. Vagus nerve
  5. Spinal accessory nerve
  6. Hypoglossal nerve
42
Q

What are nuclei?

A

Groups of neurons with similar function

43
Q

What are tracks (peduncles)?

A

Projection pathways of axons.

44
Q

What does the Oculomotor nerve do?

A

Motor: eye movement, papillary constriction and accomodation, muscles of eyelid

45
Q

What does the Trochlear nerve do?

A

Motor: eye movements

46
Q

What does the Trigeminal nerve do?

A

Sensory and motor: Somatic sensation from face, mouth cornea; muscles for mastication

47
Q

What does the Abducens nerve do?

A

Motor: eye movements (lateral movements)

48
Q

What does the Facial nerve do?

A

Sensory and motor: controls muscles of facial expression, taste from tongue, salivary glands

49
Q

What does the Vestibulocochlear nerve do?

A

Sensory: hearing, sense of balance

50
Q

What does the Glossopharyngeal nerve do?

A

Sensory and motor: sensation from tongue and taste

51
Q

What does the Vagus nerve do?

A

Sensory and motor: maintains homeostasis (HR, BP, respiration), autonomic functions of gut, sensation from larynx, muscles of vocal cords, swallowing

52
Q

What does the Spinal Accessory nerve do?

A

Motor: shoulder and neck muscles

53
Q

What does the Hypoglossal nerve do?

A

Movements of tongue

54
Q

What axis is rostral - caudal

A

front of head to back of head

similar to anterior to posterior (in front to behind)

Anterior or rostral means to the front
Lateral means to the side
Medial means to the middle
Posterior or caudal means towards the back
Dorsal means on top
Ventral means on the bottom

55
Q

What plane is the coronal plane?

A

divides rostral to caudal

56
Q

What is the Sagital plane?

A

divide left and right hemispheres

57
Q

What does the Optic nerve do?

58
Q

What does the Olfactory nerve do?

A

Sense of smell

59
Q

Things to remember

A
  1. Structure underlies function
60
Q

What are the three protective layers of the
brain surface

A

the dura mater, then the
arachnoid layer, and finally the pia mater

61
Q

What are gyrus?

A

A gyrus is a collection of neural elements that connect to each other and output
connections to other brain regions.

62
Q

What is a sulcus?

A

The gap between the gyrii

63
Q

What is white matter vs grey matter?

A

White matter is axons, grey matter is cell bodies and dendrites

64
Q

What is pre and postcentral gyrus?

A

precentral: primary motor cortex
postcentral: primary somatosensory cortex

65
Q

What is the fornix?

A

a fiber tract carring projections from
the hippocampus to the mamillary bodies

Neuroscience 380 (13 decks)

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