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GI Exam 2 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Perineum

A

located inferior to pelvic diaphragm

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2
Q

Perineal Diamond

A

Ischial tuberosities divide into 2 triangles

  1. Urogenital triangle
  2. anal triangle
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3
Q

Central tendon of perioneal body

A

Located just anterior to anus –> very important

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4
Q

Perineal membrane

A

attaches between ischiopubic rami

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5
Q

Superficial perineal fascia

A

Colles’ fascia
fused campers and scarpas layers
FEMALE –> attaches to perineal membrane
MALE –> also has superficial dartos fascia layer

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6
Q

Muscles of superficial perineal pouch

A

Sides of triangle –> ischiocavernosus
Base of triangle –> superficial transverse perineal muscle
Close to vagina/penis –> bulbospongiosus

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7
Q

Clitoris

A

has 2 crura, a body, and gland

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8
Q

Deep perineal space

A

External sphincter urethrae (spirals around urethra)
Sphincter urethrovaginalis (spirals around urethra and vagina)
Deep transverse perineal muscle

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9
Q

Internal pudendal artery (female)

A

Has 4 branches

  1. Inferior rectal
  2. Perineal
  3. Labial
  4. Clitoral
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10
Q

Pudendal nerve (female)

A

4 branches

  1. inferior rectal
  2. perineal (superficial and deep)
  3. posterior labial (anterior labial is from ilioinguinal)
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11
Q

Buck’s fascia

A

dense covering around shaft of penis that compresses it during an erection

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12
Q

Penis erectile anatomy

A

Crus —> corposa cavernosa –> deep artery runs inside
Bulb –> corpus spongiosum
Deep dorsal vein, dorsal artery and nerve
ALL enclosed by buck’s fascia

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13
Q

Pudendal nerve (male)

A

4 branches

  1. inferior rectal
  2. perineal
  3. posterior scrotal (anterior from ilioinguinal)
  4. dorsal nerve of penis
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14
Q

Pudendal artery (male)

A

5 branches

  1. inferior rectal
  2. perineal artery
  3. deep artery of penis (in corposa cavernosa)
  4. dorsal artery of penis
  5. posterior scrotal
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15
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation of penis?

A

vasodilation of deep artery –> compression by buck’s fascia –> compresses vein –> keeps blood in penis

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16
Q

Ischioanal fossa

A

filled with fat

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17
Q

pelvic brim

A

inlet, divides greater (false) pelvis from lesser (true pelvis)

18
Q

Posterior sacroiliac ligaments

A

connects PSIS to sacrum

resists forward rotation of upper sacrum

19
Q

Sacrospinous ligament

A

connects ischial spine to sacrum

resists backward rotation of lower sacrum

20
Q

Sacrotuberous ligament

A

connects ischial tuberosity to sacrum

resists backward rotation of lower sacrum

21
Q

Rectovesical pouch

A

peritoneal reflection between bladder and rectum in male

- rectum comes through the pararectal fossa

22
Q

Deep inguinal ring in male

A

ductus deferens and testicular vessels travel through deep ring through canal

23
Q

Peritoneal reflections in female

A

Vesicouterine pouch –> between bladder and uterus

Rectouterine pouch –> between rectum and uterus

24
Q

Round ligament of uterus

A

travels into deep inguinal ring and through canal (remnant of gubernaculum)

25
Q

Pararectal fossa

A

formed by uterosacral ligament and peritoneal covering

26
Q

Round ligament of ovary

A

remnants of the gubernaculum –> lower pole

27
Q

Broad ligament

A

peritoneal covering, 3 parts

  1. Mesometrium –> covers uterus
  2. Mesovarian -> covers ovary
  3. Mesosalpinx –> covers fallopian tube (uterine tube)
28
Q

Parts of the uterine tube

A

Infundibulum with fimbriae
Ampulla (most common place for fertilization)
Isthmus
Uterine part

29
Q

Parts of uterus

A

Fundus, Body, Internal os, cervix, external os (creates vaginal fornix)

30
Q

Endopelvic fascia

A 
major support for uterus
formed by following ligaments
1. transverse cervical ligament
2. uterosacral ligament
3. pubovesical ligament
31
Q

Prolapse of bladder

A

result of repeated obstetrical trauma with inferior portion of bladder sagging below opening of urethra

32
Q

Sympathetic component of inferior hypogastric plexus

A

Lumbar splanchnics –> L1-4
Sacral splanchnics –> lateral horn of L1-2 –> descend
- preganglionic sympathetic fibers that synapse in minute ganglia in plexus

33
Q

Parasympathetic component of inferior hypogastric plexus

A

Pelvic splanchnics –> S2-4

- preganglionic parasympathetic fibers that pass through plexus and synapse of ganglia in pelvic organs

34
Q

Boundaries of pelvic outlet

A
  1. Pubic arch
  2. Ischiopubic ramus
  3. Tip of coccyx
  4. sacrotuberous ligaments
35
Q

Pelvic Diaphragm

A

muscles that constitute it => levator ani and coccygeous

  • sweep downward and medially to midline insertion from tendinous arch
  • supports pelvic floor and organs that pierce it
  • resists outward thrusts accompanying increases in intra-abdominal pressure
36
Q

Levator Ani

A

Pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus

37
Q

Puborectalis

A

puborectal sling that is tonically contracted and forms a kink in the rectum –> under parasympathetic stimulation, it relaxes and allow defacation

38
Q

Trigone

A

serves as anchor for bladder

- formed by 2 ureteric orifices and 1 urethral orifice

39
Q

Transverse Rectal Folds

A

folds of circular muscles that act as valves in rectum

40
Q

Female reproductive organs

A

Uterus –> fundus, body and cervix
Body = endometrium and myometrium
Cervix = internal os, external os, cervical canal
Vaginal fornix –> Anterior, Posterior, Laterals

41
Q

Prostate

A

sits right on UG diaphragm

- fibromuscular organ

42
Q

Portions of male urethra

A

Prostatic –> portion that passes through prostate
Membranous –> passes through sphincter urethrae
Spongy –> corpora cavernosa and corpora spongiosum

GI Exam 2 (7 decks)

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