Anatomy Flashcards
What are the functions of the body’s musculoskeletal system (bones, joints, muscles)?
- ) Provide structure and movement for the body
- ) Allow for the body to stand erect
- ) Support/protect vital organs
- ) Produces RBC’s in bone marrow (hematopoiesis)
- ) Store fat/minerals (e.g. calcium & phosphorus in the bones)
- ) Generates body heat
The skeleton has ____ bones.
206
Bone and cartilage are specialized forms of ________ tissue. Bone is hard, rigid, and very _______. Its cells are constantly turning over and remodeling.
connective, dense
The ______ (or articulation) is the place of union of two or more bones. They are the functional units of this system since they permit _______ of ADL’s
joint, mobility
In ________ joints, the bones are united by fibrous tissue or cartilage and are immovable (e.g the sutures in the skull) or only slightly movable (e.g the vertebrae)
nonsynovial
_______ joints are freely movable b/c they have bones that are separated from each other and are enclosed in a joint cavity.
This cavity is filled with a _______, or synovial fluid, and allows sliding of opposing surfaces and permits mvmt.
synovial, lubricant
In synovial joints, a layer of ______covers the opposing bones. It is avascular and receives nourishment from synovial fluid that circulates during joint mvmt. Tough and firm, but flexible. Cushions the bones
cartilage
_______ connect bone to bone at the joint level
ligaments
A ______ is an enclosed sac Filled with viscous synovial fluid. Located in areas of potential friction. Help muscles and tendons glide smoothly over bone
Bursae
There are ____ muscles, what are the three types?
600, cardiac, smooth and skeletal
Each skeletal, or voluntary muscle is composed of bundles of muscle fibers, or _______.
Is attached to bone by a ______-a strong fibrous cord
fasciculi
tendon
Bending a limb at a joint
flexion
Straightening a limb at a joint
Extension
Moving a joint away from the midline of the body
Abduction
Moving a joint toward the midline
Adduction
Turning the forearm so that the palm is down
Pronation
Turning the forearm so that the palm is up
supination
Moving the arm n a circle around shoulder
circumduction
Moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle
Inversion
Moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
Eversion
Moving the head around a central axis
Rotation
Moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground
protraction
Raising a body part
elevation
Lowering a body part
depression
The _______________ joint is the articulation of the mandible and temporal bone
temporomandibular
*allows jaw function for speaking and chewing
The vertebrae are 33 connecting bones stacked in a vertical column. Humans have __ cervical, ___ thoracic, __ lumbar, __ sacral, and 3 or 4 coccygeal
7, 12, 5, 5
The spinous process of ____ and ____ are prominent at the base of the neck
C7, T1
The inferior angle of the scapula normally is at the level of the interspace between ____ and _____
T7, T8
An imaginary line connecting the highest point on each iliac crest crosses ___.
An imaginary line joining the two symmetric dimples that overlie the posterior superior iliac spines crosses the ______
L4, sacrum
The cervical and lumbar curves are _____ (inward or anterior), and the thoracic and sacrococcygeal curves are _____. These curves balance each other, along with the vertebral disks, and allows the spine to absorb a great deal of shock
concave, convex
The _______ joint is the articulation of the humerus with the glenoid fossa of the scapula
glenohumeral
Moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground
Retraction
