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Assessment: Musculoskeletal > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the body’s musculoskeletal system (bones, joints, muscles)?

A
  1. ) Provide structure and movement for the body
  2. ) Allow for the body to stand erect
  3. ) Support/protect vital organs
  4. ) Produces RBC’s in bone marrow (hematopoiesis)
  5. ) Store fat/minerals (e.g. calcium & phosphorus in the bones)
  6. ) Generates body heat
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2
Q

The skeleton has ____ bones.

A

206

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3
Q

Bone and cartilage are specialized forms of ________ tissue. Bone is hard, rigid, and very _______. Its cells are constantly turning over and remodeling.

A

connective, dense

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4
Q

The ______ (or articulation) is the place of union of two or more bones. They are the functional units of this system since they permit _______ of ADL’s

A

joint, mobility

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5
Q

In ________ joints, the bones are united by fibrous tissue or cartilage and are immovable (e.g the sutures in the skull) or only slightly movable (e.g the vertebrae)

A

nonsynovial

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6
Q

_______ joints are freely movable b/c they have bones that are separated from each other and are enclosed in a joint cavity.
This cavity is filled with a _______, or synovial fluid, and allows sliding of opposing surfaces and permits mvmt.

A

synovial, lubricant

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7
Q

In synovial joints, a layer of ______covers the opposing bones. It is avascular and receives nourishment from synovial fluid that circulates during joint mvmt. Tough and firm, but flexible. Cushions the bones

A

cartilage

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8
Q

_______ connect bone to bone at the joint level

A

ligaments

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9
Q

A ______ is an enclosed sac Filled with viscous synovial fluid. Located in areas of potential friction. Help muscles and tendons glide smoothly over bone

A

Bursae

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10
Q

There are ____ muscles, what are the three types?

A

600, cardiac, smooth and skeletal

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11
Q

Each skeletal, or voluntary muscle is composed of bundles of muscle fibers, or _______.
Is attached to bone by a ______-a strong fibrous cord

A

fasciculi

tendon

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12
Q

Bending a limb at a joint

A

flexion

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13
Q

Straightening a limb at a joint

A

Extension

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14
Q

Moving a joint away from the midline of the body

A

Abduction

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15
Q

Moving a joint toward the midline

A

Adduction

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16
Q

Turning the forearm so that the palm is down

A

Pronation

17
Q

Turning the forearm so that the palm is up

A

supination

18
Q

Moving the arm n a circle around shoulder

A

circumduction

19
Q

Moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle

A

Inversion

20
Q

Moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle

A

Eversion

21
Q

Moving the head around a central axis

A

Rotation

22
Q

Moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground

A

protraction

23
Q

Raising a body part

A

elevation

24
Q

Lowering a body part

A

depression

25
Q

The _______________ joint is the articulation of the mandible and temporal bone

A

temporomandibular

*allows jaw function for speaking and chewing

26
Q

The vertebrae are 33 connecting bones stacked in a vertical column. Humans have __ cervical, ___ thoracic, __ lumbar, __ sacral, and 3 or 4 coccygeal

A

7, 12, 5, 5

27
Q

The spinous process of ____ and ____ are prominent at the base of the neck

A

C7, T1

28
Q

The inferior angle of the scapula normally is at the level of the interspace between ____ and _____

A

T7, T8

29
Q

An imaginary line connecting the highest point on each iliac crest crosses ___.

An imaginary line joining the two symmetric dimples that overlie the posterior superior iliac spines crosses the ______

A

L4, sacrum

30
Q

The cervical and lumbar curves are _____ (inward or anterior), and the thoracic and sacrococcygeal curves are _____. These curves balance each other, along with the vertebral disks, and allows the spine to absorb a great deal of shock

A

concave, convex

31
Q

The _______ joint is the articulation of the humerus with the glenoid fossa of the scapula

A

glenohumeral

32
Q

Moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground

A

Retraction

Assessment: Musculoskeletal (3 decks)

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