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Science Olympiad > Anatomy 2015 > Flashcards

Anatomy 2015 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q
  1. __________ is the ability of cells to move toward microorganisms or sites of tissue damage.
A
  1. Chemotaxis
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2
Q
  1. The __________ processes lymphocytes that move to other lymphatic tissue to respond to foreign substances.
A
  1. Thymus
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3
Q
  1. Receiving a vaccine exemplifies __________, __________ immunity.
A
  1. Active artificial
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4
Q
  1. __________ circulation involves the transfer of blood from the heart to all parts of the body.
A
  1. Systemic
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5
Q
  1. The __________ valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.
A
  1. Tricuspid (or “right atrioventricular”)
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6
Q
  1. The tough, outermost covering of the arterial walls is called the __________.
A
  1. Adventitia
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7
Q
  1. In a heartbeat, the relaxation of the ventricles is called the __________.
A
  1. Diastole
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8
Q
  1. __________ is the disease that involves the weakening of heart muscle.
A
  1. Cardiomyopathy
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9
Q
  1. __________ is another name for high blood pressure.
A
  1. Hypertension
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10
Q
  1. The site of oxygen binding on hemoglobin is __________.
A
  1. Iron
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11
Q
  1. The part of the dermis that borders the epidermis is called __________.
A
  1. Papillary layer (or “papillary dermis”)
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12
Q
  1. The nail bed is pink due to the presence of __________.
A
  1. Capillaries
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13
Q
  1. __________ is a skin secretion that lubricates the skin and increases its elasticity.
A
  1. Sebum
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14
Q
  1. The __________ and __________ layers of the epidermis are involved in the synthesis of vitamin D.
A
  1. Stratum basale, stratum spinosum
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15
Q
  1. Skin color in humans is controlled by three pigments: __________, __________, and __________.
A
  1. Melanin, carotene, hemoglobin
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16
Q
  1. Substances that induce fevers are called __________.
A
  1. Pyrogens
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17
Q
  1. The process of the capillary walls widening and becoming more porous is called ___________.
A
  1. Vasodilation
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18
Q
  1. __________, one of the components of the inflammatory response, is the dysfunction of organs involved in inflammation.
A
  1. Function laesa
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19
Q
  1. Any molecule that is identified as foreign to the body is referred to as a(n) __________.
A
  1. Antigen
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20
Q
  1. The pacemaker of the heart is the __________.
A
  1. Sinoatrial (SA) node
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21
Q
  1. The device that can measure and monitor the heart’s electrical activity through skin is the __________.
A
  1. Electrocardialgram (EKG)
22
Q
  1. Clonal selection involves what kind of cells?
A
  1. B cells and T cells (lymphocytes)
23
Q
  1. Arterial blood usually has a __________ pH than venous blood.
A
  1. Higher
24
Q
  1. About 55% of blood is __________.
A
  1. Plasma
25
Q
  1. The deficiency of melanin is called __________.
A
  1. Albinism
26
Q
  1. The form of melanin that causes red to pink color is known as __________.
A
  1. Pheomelanin
27
Q
  1. __________ s make up about 90% of epidermal cells.
A
  1. Keratinocytes
28
Q
  1. __________ s make up about 90% of epidermal cells.
A
  1. Keratinocytes
29
Q
  1. Jaundice is caused by the buildup of the pigment __________.
A
  1. Bilirubin
30
Q
  1. Grey hair is caused by a decline in the enzyme __________.
A
  1. Tyrosinase
31
Q
  1. Differentiate between the functions of the red pulp and the white pulp of the spleen.
A
  1. Red pulp: blood filtration; white pulp: blood-borne antigen response
32
Q
  1. What is the purpose of lamellar corpuscles located in the skin?
A
  1. Sensing vibration and pressure
33
Q
  1. Identify the vitamin synthesized by the skin, and name the two organs that convert it into its active form.
A
  1. Vitamin D; liver, kidney
34
Q
  1. How is the number of epidermal dendritic cells affected by aging, and what does this cause?
A
  1. Epidermal dendritic cells decrease with aging: reduced immune response
35
Q
  1. Identify and briefly describe the three phases of the hair growth cycle.
A
  1. Anagen: growth; Catagen: transition, hair follicle breaks down; Telogen: resting, hair falls out
36
Q
  1. Identify and briefly describe a general type of contact dermatitis.
A
  1. Irritant: contact with acidic or alkaline substance, looks like a burn; OR allergic: contact with an allergen
37
Q
  1. Distinguish between nonspecific and specific defense systems.
A
  1. Nonspecific: targets all; specific: identifies and targets certain pathogens
38
Q
  1. Identify and briefly describe the most abundant antibody class.
A
  1. IgG: most versatile, provides majority of antibody-based immunity against invading pathogens
39
Q
  1. Distinguish between primary and secondary immunity.
A
  1. Primary: first exposure, slower response; secondary: precedented, quicker, more antibodies produced
40
Q
  1. Distinguish between inborn and acquired immunity.
A
  1. Inborn: inherited; acquired: through infection or through medical intervention
41
Q
  1. The blood type O.
A
  1. Universal donor
42
Q
  1. Have fucose-containing glycan structures.
A
  1. Blood types A, B, AB, O.
43
Q
  1. Known as the “universal donor”
A
  1. The blood type O.
44
Q
  1. the most common
A
  1. Blood type O.
45
Q
  1. Have N-acetylgalactosamine.
A
  1. Blood types A, AB.
46
Q
  1. The subcutaneous layer
A
  1. E (bottom layer of skin)
47
Q
  1. The epidermis
A
  1. G (top layer of skin)
48
Q
  1. Directly responds to a rise in body temperature level
A
  1. B (sweat gland)
49
Q
  1. responsible for nutrient and waste transport
A
  1. D (blood vessels in skin)
50
Q
  1. Cells formed through mitosis in this/these layer(s)
A
  1. E, f, g (Epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer)

Science Olympiad (2 decks)

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