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Anatomy > Anatomy 2 test > Flashcards

Anatomy 2 test Flashcards

1
Q

Components of the pulmonary circulation

A

Pulmonary circulation includes a vast network of arteries, veins, and lymphatics that function to exchange blood and other tissue fluids between the heart, the lungs, and back

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2
Q

Components of systemic circulation

A

Systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, through the arteries, to the capillaries in the tissues of the body. From the tissue capillaries, the deoxygenated blood returns through a system of veins to the right atrium of the heart.

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3
Q

Heart location

A

mediastinum
- thoracic cavity
- medial between two lungs
- sits in pericardium

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4
Q

Pericardium

A

protects heart from damage; tight pillow case
1. pericardium
2. fibrous pericardium/serous pericardium
3. parietal pericardium/ visceral pericardium
4. pericardial cavity

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5
Q

Heart wall

A
  1. epicardium (outer)
    - vicseral pericardium
    - lubricates/protect the outside of heart
  2. myocardium (middle)
    - trabeculae carneae
    - composed of cardiac muscle, makes up majority/mass of heart
  3. endocardium (inner)
    - majority of thickness comes from myocardium
    - keeps blood from sticking to the inside of the heart
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6
Q

Major heart vessels

A
  1. superior vena cava
  2. inferior vena cava
  3. pulmonary trunk
  4. pulmonary veins
  5. aorta
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7
Q

Major heart chambers

A

L/R atrium
- blood collecting chambers
L/R ventricles
- pump blood out of the heart
R- deoxygenated blood
L- oxygenated blood

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8
Q

Heart valves

A
  • tricuspid
  • pulmonary
  • bicuspid/ mitral
  • aortic
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9
Q

Myocardium

A

composed of cardiac muscle
- makes up majority/mass of heart

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10
Q

Systole

A

the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries.

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11
Q

Diastole

A

the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood.

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12
Q

Electrical conducting system of the heart

A
  1. Sinoatrial node (SA)
  2. Atrioventricular node (AV)
  3. Atrioventricular bundle (AV)
  4. Purkinje fibers
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13
Q

Resting membrane potential

A

heart sitting at -95

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14
Q

Action potential

A

+30 mV

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15
Q

Stroke volume

A

the volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle of the heart during each systolic cardiac contraction.

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16
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

special nerve cells or receptors that sense changes in the chemical composition of the blood.

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17
Q

The nervous system control of the heart

A

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is the component of the peripheral nervous system that controls cardiac muscle contraction, visceral activities, and glandular functions of the body.

18
Q

Function of arteries

A

any vessels that carries blood away from the heart

19
Q

Function of the veins

A

any vessel that carries blood toward the heart

20
Q

Types of arteries

A

wall
-tunica interna
-tunica media
- tunica externa
conducting arteries
medium arteries

21
Q

Blood flow through pulmonary circulation

A

Blood flows through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. It then flows through the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary artery before being delivered to the lungs

22
Q

Arteries of the upper limbs

A

ascending aorta
aortic arch
brachiocephalic
R/L radial
R/L ulnar
R/L common carotid
R/L external carotid
R/L internal carotid
R/L vertebral
R/L subclavian

23
Q

Veins of the upper limbs

A

superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
subclavian
R/L axillary
R/L external jugular

24
Q

Arteries of the lower

A

R/L internal iliac
descending aorta
R/L renal
R/L testicular
R/L ovarian
R/L common iliac
R/L femoral
R/L digitals

25
Q

Veins of the lower

A

pancreatic
gastric
R/L suprarenal
R/L femoral
R/L popliteal

26
Q

Blood pressure measurement

A

pressure- force that drive blood through the vessels due to pumping of heart
systolic- diastolic= pulse pressure

27
Q

Arterial pressure

A

Neural controls
- vasomotor center
- cardiac center
- baroreceptors
- chemoreceptors
Chemical/ Hormones
- epinephrine
- angiotensin
- ADH
- blood volume

28
Q

Pulse

A

systolic- first heart sound (contract)
diastolic- last heart sound (relax)

29
Q

Blood velocity

A

lowest in capillaries

30
Q

Lymphatic system

A

system of capillaries/ducts
picking up fluid left in the interstitial space
- cleans the fluid from the toxin, bacteria, and pathogens

31
Q

Organs of the lymphatic system

A

spleen
lymph nodes
thymus
tonsils
peyer’s patches

32
Q

Lymphatic capillaries

A

-permits passage of high molecular weight substance
- fluid leaks through mini valve into lymph capillaries
- higher pressure on the inside closes mini valve

33
Q

Lymph

A

mostly fluid
transparent/slightly yellow
derived from tissue fluid
96% water 4%solids
- lipids
- carbs
- electrolytes
- cellular content

34
Q

Rate of lymph flow

A

120 ml/hr
3-4 liters a day

35
Q

Trunks of the lymphatic system

A

jugular lymph trunks, subclavian lymph trunks, bronchomediastinal lymph trunks, and lumbar lymph trunks

36
Q

Innate immunity

A

First line of defense, readily available
1.
- mechanical barriers
- chemical barriers
2.
- phagocytes
- inflammatory response
- protective proteins

37
Q

Adaptive

A

2nd line of defense/ B,T cells/ specific/delayed
- humoral immunity
- protect against specific pathogens

38
Q

B cells

A

produce plasma cells
- antibody factories
each B cell has specific membrane bound surface antibody that binds to specific receptor

39
Q

Lymph flow through a lymph node

A
40
Q

Structure of antibody

A

trunk is fixed
- determines class of antibody
arms are variable portion
- where specific antigens bind

Anatomy (4 decks)

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