Anatomy 2 - Lower Urinary Tract and Male Repro Tract

Question 1

What is the false pelvis?

Answer 1

From iliac crests to pelvic inlet (part of abdominal cavity)

Question 2

What is the true pelvis?

Answer 2

From pelvic inlet to pelvic floor (pelvic cavity)

Question 3

What is the main muscle of the pelvic floor?

Answer 3

Levator ani

Question 4

What is another name for the pelvic floor?

Answer 4

Pelvic diaphragm

Question 5

Other name for the pelvic cavity?

Answer 5

True pelvis

Question 6

What are the borders of the perineum?

Answer 6

Pubic symphysis and coccyx between the pelvic floor and skin

Question 7

What are the purpose of the openings in the pelvic floor?

Answer 7

To allow the distal parts of the alimentary, renal and reproductive tracts to pass through from the pelvic cavity into the perineum

Question 8

Do the ureters normally pass anterior or posterior to the common iliac vessels to enter the pelvis?

Answer 8

Anterior

Question 9

At what level do the ureters turn medially to enter the posterior aspect of the bladder?

Answer 9

At the level of the ischial spine

Question 10

How is the route of the ureters related to the peritoneum?

Answer 10

Sub-peritoneal

Question 11

In what direction do the ureters enter the posterior bladder wall?
Why is this important?

Answer 11

In an inferomedial direction

Helps prevent reflux of urine back into the ureters when the bladder contracts

Question 12

What is the name of the most inferior part of the male peritoneal cavity (in the anatomical position) between the rectum and bladder?

Answer 12

Rectovesicle pouch

Question 13

Name of the opening to the inguinal canal?

Answer 13

Deep inguinal ring

Question 14

What passes through the inguinal canal in men?

Answer 14

Spermatic cord

Question 15

What passes through the inguinal canal in women?

Answer 15

Round ligament of the uterus

Question 16

What is the purpose of the round ligament of the uterus?

Answer 16

Attaches the uterus to the perineum via the inguinal canal

Question 17

Name of the part of the peritoneal cavity between the bladder and uterus?

Answer 17

Vesico-uterine pouch

Question 18

Name of the part of the peritoneal cavity between the rectum and uterus?

Answer 18

Rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)

Question 19

What is the most inferior part of the female peritoneal cavity in the anatomical position?

Answer 19

Rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)

Question 20

Does the ureter run anteriorly or posteriorly to the uterine tubes and the uterine artery?

Answer 20

Posteriorly (“water under the bridge”)

Question 21

Position of ureter to vas deferens?

Answer 21

Ureter runs inferiorly to the vas deferens

Question 22

What artery are most of the arteries entering the pelvis branches from?

Answer 22

The internal iliac artery

Question 23

What vein do most veins from the pelvis drain to?

Answer 23

The internal iliac vein

Question 24

What arteries branch from the internal iliac artery in females?

Answer 24

Vesical arteries (to bladder)
Uterine artery
Vaginal artery
Middle rectal artery
(from anterior to posterior)

Question 25

What arteries branch from the internal iliac artery in males?

Answer 25

``` Vescial arteries (to bladder) Prostatic arteries (often branches from the vesicle arteries) Middle rectal artery ```

Question 26

What's the name of the triangle shape on the internal aspect of the bladder?

Answer 26

The Trigone

Question 27

What makes up the 3 corners of the trigone?

Answer 27

The 2 ureteric orifices and internal urethral orifice

Question 28

What is the name for the posterior aspect of the bladder? What opens here?

Answer 28

Base of the bladder | Ureteric orifices

Question 29

What's the name of the inferior aspect of the bladder? | What opens here?

Answer 29

Floor of the bladder | Internal urethral orifice

Question 30

What structure surrounds the urethra in men?

Answer 30

Prostate gland

Question 31

Where is the prostate situated in relation to the bladder?

Answer 31

Inferior

Question 32

Name of the muscle which forms the main bulk of the bladder wall?

Answer 32

Detrusor muscle

Question 33

What mechanism (related to the detrusor muscle) helps to prevent reflux of urine superiorly into the ureter?

Answer 33

Detrusor muscle encircles the ureteric orifices and tighten when he bladder contracts

Question 34

What is present around the neck of the male bladder? | What is this formed from?

Answer 34

Internal urethral sphincter muscle | Formed from detrusor muscle

Question 35

What is the purpose of the internal urethral sphincter muscle?

Answer 35

Contracts during ejaculation to prevent retrograde ejection of semen back into the bladder

Question 36

What does the bladder lie posterior to when empty?

Answer 36

The pubic bone

Question 37

Where does the uterus sit in relation to the bladder? | Position of the uterus?

Answer 37

Body of the uterus usually lies superior to the bladder In an anteflexed position (most of the weight of the uterus is therefore borne by the bladder)

Question 38

What parts of the bladder does the peritoneum cover?

Answer 38

The superior surface only

Question 39

2 routes of catheterising a patients bladder?

Answer 39

Urethral (more common) | Suprapubic (through anterior abdominal wall and avoiding peritoneal cavity)

Question 40

Is the external urethral sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control?

Answer 40

Voluntary

Question 41

Where is the external urethral orrifice located?

Answer 41

In the perineum

Question 42

Apart from the external urethral sphincter, what other structure acts as a sphincter in females?

Answer 42

Levator ani muscle (urethra must pass through it to reach the exterior of the body)

Question 43

How long approximately is the male urethra?

Answer 43

20cm

Question 44

Other name for the external urethral orifice?

Answer 44

External urethral meatus

Question 45

Name of the male urethra located within the corpus spongiosum?

Answer 45

Spongy urethra

Question 46

Which gender has an internal urethral sphincter?

Answer 46

Males

Question 47

Is the internal urethral sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control?

Answer 47

Involuntary

Question 48

Name of the urethra located within the prostate gland?

Answer 48

Porstatic urethra

Question 49

Where is the external urethral sphincter located in males?

Answer 49

Just below the prostate gland

Question 50

Other name for the spongy urethra?

Answer 50

Penile urethra

Question 51

What is the part of the male reproductive system that stores sperm and transports them from the testes to the vas deferens?

Answer 51

Epididymis

Question 52

Part of male reproductive system that carries sperm from the epidiymis to the ejaculatory duct?

Answer 52

Vas deferens

Question 53

Part of male reproductive tract that produces seminal fluid?

Answer 53

Seminal gland

Question 54

What is formed from union of the vas deferens with the seminal vesicle?

Answer 54

Ejaculatory ducts

Question 55

What is the original position of the testes? | What happens during foetal development?

Answer 55

Posterior abdomen | They move through the inguinal canal to the scrotum

Question 56

What is contained within the spermatic cord?

Answer 56

Testicular artery Testicular vein (made by pampiniform plexus) Vas deferens Lymphatic vessels Nerves (autonomic for smooth muscle of vas and somatic for cremaster muscle)

Question 57

Purpose of cremaster muscle?

Answer 57

Can partially raise the testicle

Question 58

What's the name of the sac that the testis sits within in the scrotum?

Answer 58

Tunica vaginalis

Question 59

What is the name of the embryological remnant of tissue usually located on the upper portion of the testis?

Answer 59

Appendix testis

Question 60

What problem can the appendix testis cause?

Answer 60

Can twist = "torsion of the appendix testis"

Question 61

Name for excess fluid within the tunica vaginalis?

Answer 61

Hydrocele

Question 62

What drains deoxygenated blood from the testis?

Answer 62

Pampiniform venous plexus

Question 63

What do the testicular arteries branch from?

Answer 63

The Aorta

Question 64

What does the right testicular vein drain to?

Answer 64

IVC

Question 65

What does the left testicular vein drain to?

Answer 65

Renal vein

Question 66

What structures pass through the deep inguinal ring of males?

Answer 66

``` Testicular artery Testicular vein Vas deferens Lymphatics Nerves ```

Question 67

The epididymis is palpated at the anterior aspect of the testis - T or F?

Answer 67

False - posterior aspect

Question 68

At what pole of the testis does the vas deferens begin?

Answer 68

Inferior pole

Question 69

What direction does the vas deferens turn at the deep inguinal ring?

Answer 69

Medially into the pelvis

Question 70

What drains through the prostatic ducts?

Answer 70

Glandular secretions from the prostate drain into the prostatic urethra

Question 71

What is the inferior aspect of the prostate gland in contact with?

Answer 71

Levator ani muscle

Question 72

Size of prostate gland?

Answer 72

Approx. walnut sized

Question 73

What opens into the prostatic urethra?

Answer 73

Ejaculatory duct

Question 74

What are the names of the 2 zones of the prostate gland?

Answer 74

Central zone | Peripheral zone

Question 75

What zone of the prostate is felt on digital rectal examination?

Answer 75

Peripheral zone (most prostate cancers arise here)

Question 76

Name of the part of the penis closest to the body?

Answer 76

Root of the penis

Question 77

What is the root of the penis attached to laterally?

Answer 77

Ischium bone of pelvis

Question 78

Name of the distal part of the penis? | What forms this?

Answer 78

Glans | Distal expansion of the corpus spongiosum

Question 79

Name of the 2 large cylinders of erectile tissue that transmit the deep arteries of the penis?

Answer 79

Right and left corpus cavernosum

Question 80

What happens to the 3 cylinders of erectile tissue during erection?

Answer 80

Become engorged with blood

Question 81

Name of the ridge on the anterior aspect of the penis?

Answer 81

Penile raphe (continuation of scrotal raphe)

Question 82

Proper name for foreskin?

Answer 82

Prepuce

Question 83

Name for the urological emergency in which the retracted foreskin of an uncircumcised male cannot be returned to its normal anatomic position?

Answer 83

Paraphimosis

Question 84

Blood supply to the penis?

Answer 84

via the deep arteries of the penis - branches of the internal pudendal artery (from the internal iliac)

Question 85

Blood supply to the scrotum?

Answer 85

Via the internal pudendal and branches from the external iliac artery

Question 86

Where does lymph from the scrotum and most of the penis (not the glans) drain?

Answer 86

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes in the superficial fascia in the groin

Question 87

Where does lymph from the testis drain?

Answer 87

Lumbar nodes around the abdominal aorta