Anatomy 2 Flashcards
1
Q
dorsal body cavities
A
cranial and spinal
2
Q
space inside skull
A
cranial cavity
3
Q
from cranial cavity to the wnd of spinal cord
A
spinal cavity
4
Q
continuation of brain
A
spinal cord
5
Q
contains structures within chest and abdomen
A
ventral
6
Q
contains heart. lungs, diaphragm
A
Thoracic Cavity
7
Q
Separated from the abdominal cavity by the
dome shaped muscle
A
diaphragm
8
Q
- divides the lungs into right and
left cavity
A
Mediastinum
9
Q
3 lobes
A
right
10
Q
2 lobes
A
left lung
11
Q
Abdominal: stomach, liver, intestines, etc.
o Pelvic: reproductive organs, bladder, etc.
A
Abdominopelvic Cavity
12
Q
Continuous to the digestive organs until the
anus
A
Oral and Digestive Cavity
13
Q
Posterior to the nose; part of the respiratory
system
A
Nasal cavity
14
Q
Houses the eyes
A
Orbital cavities
15
Q
are attached to bones, or to other
connective tissue AT NO FEWER THAN TWO
POINTS
A
skeletal muscles
15
Q
Contains the tiny bones for hearing
A
Middle ear cavity
15
Q
Attached to the movable bone
A
insertion
15
Q
Increases the distance between two bones
o Hyperextension: extension greater than 180
degrees
A
extensiom
15
Q
Movement of the ball-and-socket joints
o E.g. movement of the atlas around the dens (for
shaking head “no”)
A
rotation
15
Q
Attached to the immovable or less movable
bone
A
origin body movement
15
Q
Moving a limb away from the median plane of
the body
A
abduction
16
Q
All skeletal muscles cross at least one joint
2. Bulk of the skeletal muscle lies proximal to the
joint crossed
3. All have at least 2 attachments, the origin and the
insertion
4. They can only PULL and never push
5. During contraction, the insertion moves toward the
origin
A
5 golden rules of skeletal muscular activity
16
Q
Brings two bones closer together
A
flexion
17
Q
Moving a limb toward to midline of the body
A
adduction
18
Combination of flexion, extension, abduction,
and adduction
circumduction
19
Point your toe towards your head
Dorsiflexion flexion
20
Point your toe away from your head
(downwards)
Plantar flexion
21
Turn the sole of the foot medially
inversion
22
Turn the sole of the foot laterally
eversion
23
“Turning backward”
o Palm faces anteriorly
supination Supination is lying on your back.
24
“Turning forward”
o palm faces posteriorly
Pronation
25
Action when you move the thumb to
tough tips of the other fingers
opposition
26
Control center of the cell
* Contains the genetic material or DNA
nucleus
27
A double phospholipid membrane that
allows the exchange of materials with the
rest of the cells
▪ Has pores where materials pass through
Nuclear Membrane
28
Nucleus contains one or more nucleoli
which are sites for ribosome production
Nucleoli
29
Condenses to form chromosomes during
cell division
Chromatin
30
head
hydrophilic
31
tails
hydrophobic
32
- finger like projections that increase area for
absorption
microvilli
33
Binds different types of cells
membrane junctionss
34
Binds junctions into leakproof sheets;
acts like zipper
▪ Can be found in the small intestines
tight junctions
35
Prevent cells subjected to
mechanical stress not to be pulled
apart
desmosomes
36
Communicating junctions
▪ Can be found in the heart
gap junctions
37
Material outside the nucleus where the other
organelles are located
cytoplasm
37
Sites of protein synthesis
* Made of RNA
ribosomes
38
studded with ribosomes; where materials
of membrane are formed
rough er
39
cholesterol synthesis, fat metabolism,
detoxification of drugs
smooth er
40
Modifies and packages proteins
* Has a cis and trans face
golgi apparatus
41
receiving side, nearer the nucleus
and RER, receives the transport vesicles
cis face
42
shipping side, exudes the
secretory vesicles
trans face
43
Digest non-usable materials
* Suicide “bags” of the cell
lysosomes
44
Sacs of oxidase enzymes
* Break down free radicals
peroxisomes
45
Powerhouse of the cell
mitochondria
46
Provides cell with an internal framework
cytoskeleton
47
Cell motility
microfilaments
48
Help desmosomes so that the cell will
not be pulled apart
Intermediate Filaments
49
Determine the overall shape of the
shape of cell
microtubules
50
Generation of microtubules; formation of mitotic
spindle during cell division
centrioles
51
Whiplike extensions that move substances along cell
surface
cilia
52
Projections that are basically longer
* ONLY FLAGELLATED CELL IN THE HUMAN BODY
IS THE SPERM
flagella
53
makes and secretes protein
building blocks
fibroblast
54
carries oxygen in the blood
Erythrocyte/RBC:
55
Cells that cover and line body organs
Epithelial Cells:
56
resist tearing when epithelium
is rubbed or pulled because of the presence of
desmosomes
Epithelial Cells:
57
Cells that move organs and body parts
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth Muscle Cells:
58
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth Muscle Cells:
shorten forcefully and move the bones and
pump blood
58
Cell that stores nutrients
fat
59
fat
produced by a large lipid droplet in its
cytoplasm
60
Cell that fights disease
WBC such as macrophage: crawls to tissues
to reach infection sites
61
Cell that gathers information and controls body
function
Nerve Cell/Neuron: receives and transmits
messages
62
Cells of reproduction
Oocyte: largest cell in the body
o Sperm: has tail built for swimming to the egg
for fertilization
63
Group of cells with similar structure and function
tissues
64
increase in number of tissues or
organs
hyperplasia
65
decrease in size of tissues or organs
atrophy
66
increase in size of tissues or
organs
hypertrophy
67
Function: Binds tissues together, protection, and
support
* Some are vascular, some are avascular
connective tissues
67
Composed of osteocytes or bone cells located in
lacunae or cavities, calcium salts, and collagen
fibers
bone
67
Main Matrix Element: Collagen Fiber
* Found in:
▪ Tendons - attach muscle to bone
▪ Ligaments - attach bone to bone at joints
▪ Dermis - lower layers of the
dense
67
Composed of chondrocyte or cartilage cell
* Less hard and is more flexible than bone
cartilage
67
Forms stroma of lymphoid organs
reticular
67
Areolar Tissue - most widely distributed
connective tissue
▪ Adipose Tissue - for insulation, protection, and
site for fuel storage
loose
68
Voluntary
* Produce gross movements
* Striated (striped)
* Multinucleate
skeleetal muscle
68
Involuntary
* ONLY in the heart; pumping
* Striated
* Uninucleate
cardiac
68
Transport vehicle for cardiovascular system
for carrying nutrients and wastes
blood
68
blood cells surrounded by
fluid matrix
blood plasma
68
Involuntary
* Found on visceral organs
* Non-striated
* Uninucleate
smooth/visceral
69
Function: receive and transmit messages
nervous tissues
70
Cells in nervous tissue that generate and
conduct impulse
neurons
71
Receives messages or
information or electrochemical
impulses from the external
environment or other neurons,
* Work as the input for the
neuron
* Afferent leg of the neuron
dendrites
72
Contains the nucleus
* Controls the entire function of
the cell
cell body
73
Send messages or any
information or electrochemical
impulses to the external
environment or other neurons
* Work as the output for the
neuron
* Efferent leg of the neuron
axons
74
support cells that protect neurons
neuroglia
74
Form the covering of all body surfaces, line body
cavities and hollow organs, and are the major tissue in
glands
* Perform a variety of functions that include protection,
secretion, absorption, excretion, filtration, diffusion,
and sensory reception
epithelial
74
Squamous (flat)
▪ Columnar (column / tube-like)
▪ Cuboidal (cubes)
shape
74
Simple – one layer
▪ Stratified – two or more layers
▪ Pseudostratified – one layer but
formation may make it look stratified
under the microscope due to the
different placements of the nucleus
layer
74
▪ Simple squamous
▪ Simple cuboidal
▪ Simple columnar
▪ Stratified squamous
▪ Stratified cuboidal
▪ Stratified columnar
▪ Pseudostratified columnar
types
