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#1LEAPMED > Anatomy 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy 2 Flashcards

1
Q

dorsal body cavities

A

cranial and spinal

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2
Q

space inside skull

A

cranial cavity

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3
Q

from cranial cavity to the wnd of spinal cord

A

spinal cavity

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4
Q

continuation of brain

A

spinal cord

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5
Q

contains structures within chest and abdomen

A

ventral

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6
Q

contains heart. lungs, diaphragm

A

Thoracic Cavity

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7
Q

Separated from the abdominal cavity by the
dome shaped muscle

A

diaphragm

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8
Q
  • divides the lungs into right and
    left cavity
A

Mediastinum

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9
Q

3 lobes

A

right

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10
Q

2 lobes

A

left lung

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11
Q

Abdominal: stomach, liver, intestines, etc.
o Pelvic: reproductive organs, bladder, etc.

A

Abdominopelvic Cavity

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12
Q

Continuous to the digestive organs until the
anus

A

Oral and Digestive Cavity

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13
Q

Posterior to the nose; part of the respiratory
system

A

Nasal cavity

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14
Q

Houses the eyes

A

Orbital cavities

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15
Q

are attached to bones, or to other
connective tissue AT NO FEWER THAN TWO
POINTS

A

skeletal muscles

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15
Q

Contains the tiny bones for hearing

A

Middle ear cavity

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15
Q

Attached to the movable bone

A

insertion

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15
Q

Increases the distance between two bones
o Hyperextension: extension greater than 180
degrees

A

extensiom

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15
Q

Movement of the ball-and-socket joints
o E.g. movement of the atlas around the dens (for
shaking head “no”)

A

rotation

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15
Q

Attached to the immovable or less movable
bone

A

origin body movement

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15
Q

Moving a limb away from the median plane of
the body

A

abduction

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16
Q

All skeletal muscles cross at least one joint
2. Bulk of the skeletal muscle lies proximal to the
joint crossed
3. All have at least 2 attachments, the origin and the
insertion
4. They can only PULL and never push
5. During contraction, the insertion moves toward the
origin

A

5 golden rules of skeletal muscular activity

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16
Q

Brings two bones closer together

A

flexion

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17
Q

Moving a limb toward to midline of the body

A

adduction

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18
Q

Combination of flexion, extension, abduction,
and adduction

A

circumduction

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19
Q

Point your toe towards your head

A

Dorsiflexion flexion

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20
Q

Point your toe away from your head
(downwards)

A

Plantar flexion

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21
Q

Turn the sole of the foot medially

A

inversion

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22
Q

Turn the sole of the foot laterally

A

eversion

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23
Q

“Turning backward”
o Palm faces anteriorly

A

supination Supination is lying on your back.

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24
Q

“Turning forward”
o palm faces posteriorly

A

Pronation

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25
Q

Action when you move the thumb to
tough tips of the other fingers

A

opposition

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26
Q

Control center of the cell
* Contains the genetic material or DNA

A

nucleus

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27
Q

A double phospholipid membrane that
allows the exchange of materials with the
rest of the cells
▪ Has pores where materials pass through

A

Nuclear Membrane

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28
Q

Nucleus contains one or more nucleoli
which are sites for ribosome production

A

Nucleoli

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29
Q

Condenses to form chromosomes during
cell division

A

Chromatin

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30
Q

head

A

hydrophilic

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31
Q

tails

A

hydrophobic

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32
Q
  • finger like projections that increase area for
    absorption
A

microvilli

33
Q

Binds different types of cells

A

membrane junctionss

34
Q

Binds junctions into leakproof sheets;
acts like zipper
▪ Can be found in the small intestines

A

tight junctions

35
Q

Prevent cells subjected to
mechanical stress not to be pulled
apart

A

desmosomes

36
Q

Communicating junctions
▪ Can be found in the heart

A

gap junctions

37
Q

Material outside the nucleus where the other
organelles are located

A

cytoplasm

37
Q

Sites of protein synthesis
* Made of RNA

A

ribosomes

38
Q

studded with ribosomes; where materials
of membrane are formed

A

rough er

39
Q

cholesterol synthesis, fat metabolism,
detoxification of drugs

A

smooth er

40
Q

Modifies and packages proteins
* Has a cis and trans face

A

golgi apparatus

41
Q

receiving side, nearer the nucleus
and RER, receives the transport vesicles

A

cis face

42
Q

shipping side, exudes the
secretory vesicles

A

trans face

43
Q

Digest non-usable materials
* Suicide “bags” of the cell

A

lysosomes

44
Q

Sacs of oxidase enzymes
* Break down free radicals

A

peroxisomes

45
Q

Powerhouse of the cell

A

mitochondria

46
Q

Provides cell with an internal framework

A

cytoskeleton

47
Q

Cell motility

A

microfilaments

48
Q

Help desmosomes so that the cell will
not be pulled apart

A

Intermediate Filaments

49
Q

Determine the overall shape of the
shape of cell

A

microtubules

50
Q

Generation of microtubules; formation of mitotic
spindle during cell division

A

centrioles

51
Q

Whiplike extensions that move substances along cell
surface

A

cilia

52
Q

Projections that are basically longer
* ONLY FLAGELLATED CELL IN THE HUMAN BODY
IS THE SPERM

A

flagella

53
Q

makes and secretes protein
building blocks

A

fibroblast

54
Q

carries oxygen in the blood

A

Erythrocyte/RBC:

55
Q

Cells that cover and line body organs

A

Epithelial Cells:

56
Q

resist tearing when epithelium
is rubbed or pulled because of the presence of
desmosomes

A

Epithelial Cells:

57
Q

Cells that move organs and body parts

A

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth Muscle Cells:

58
Q

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth Muscle Cells:

A

shorten forcefully and move the bones and
pump blood

58
Q

Cell that stores nutrients

A

fat

59
Q

fat

A

produced by a large lipid droplet in its
cytoplasm

60
Q

Cell that fights disease

A

WBC such as macrophage: crawls to tissues
to reach infection sites

61
Q

Cell that gathers information and controls body
function

A

Nerve Cell/Neuron: receives and transmits
messages

62
Q

Cells of reproduction

A

Oocyte: largest cell in the body
o Sperm: has tail built for swimming to the egg
for fertilization

63
Q

Group of cells with similar structure and function

A

tissues

64
Q

increase in number of tissues or
organs

A

hyperplasia

65
Q

decrease in size of tissues or organs

A

atrophy

66
Q

increase in size of tissues or
organs

A

hypertrophy

67
Q

Function: Binds tissues together, protection, and
support
* Some are vascular, some are avascular

A

connective tissues

67
Q

Composed of osteocytes or bone cells located in
lacunae or cavities, calcium salts, and collagen
fibers

A

bone

67
Q

Main Matrix Element: Collagen Fiber
* Found in:
▪ Tendons - attach muscle to bone
▪ Ligaments - attach bone to bone at joints
▪ Dermis - lower layers of the

A

dense

67
Q

Composed of chondrocyte or cartilage cell
* Less hard and is more flexible than bone

A

cartilage

67
Q

Forms stroma of lymphoid organs

A

reticular

67
Q

Areolar Tissue - most widely distributed
connective tissue
▪ Adipose Tissue - for insulation, protection, and
site for fuel storage

A

loose

68
Q

Voluntary
* Produce gross movements
* Striated (striped)
* Multinucleate

A

skeleetal muscle

68
Q

Involuntary
* ONLY in the heart; pumping
* Striated
* Uninucleate

A

cardiac

68
Q

Transport vehicle for cardiovascular system
for carrying nutrients and wastes

A

blood

68
Q

blood cells surrounded by
fluid matrix

A

blood plasma

68
Q

Involuntary
* Found on visceral organs
* Non-striated
* Uninucleate

A

smooth/visceral

69
Q

Function: receive and transmit messages

A

nervous tissues

70
Q

Cells in nervous tissue that generate and
conduct impulse

A

neurons

71
Q

Receives messages or
information or electrochemical
impulses from the external
environment or other neurons,
* Work as the input for the
neuron
* Afferent leg of the neuron

A

dendrites

72
Q

Contains the nucleus
* Controls the entire function of
the cell

A

cell body

73
Q

Send messages or any
information or electrochemical
impulses to the external
environment or other neurons
* Work as the output for the
neuron
* Efferent leg of the neuron

A

axons

74
Q

support cells that protect neurons

A

neuroglia

74
Q

Form the covering of all body surfaces, line body
cavities and hollow organs, and are the major tissue in
glands
* Perform a variety of functions that include protection,
secretion, absorption, excretion, filtration, diffusion,
and sensory reception

A

epithelial

74
Q

Squamous (flat)
▪ Columnar (column / tube-like)
▪ Cuboidal (cubes)

A

shape

74
Q

Simple – one layer
▪ Stratified – two or more layers
▪ Pseudostratified – one layer but
formation may make it look stratified
under the microscope due to the
different placements of the nucleus

A

layer

74
Q

▪ Simple squamous
▪ Simple cuboidal
▪ Simple columnar
▪ Stratified squamous
▪ Stratified cuboidal
▪ Stratified columnar
▪ Pseudostratified columnar

A

types

#1LEAPMED (7 decks)

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