Anatomy 1 Flashcards
Literally means to dissect or cut apart (tomy ana)
anatomy
structure
anatomy
Study of the body by system (e.g. nervous
system, skeletal system, etc.)
syatematic anatomy
Study of the body by area (e.g. head,
abdomen, etc.)
Regional anatomy
Large body structures (e.g. heart, bones)
Macroscopic/Gross Anatomy
y
o Structures that cannot be seen by naked eye
(e.g. cells, tissues)
Microscopic anatomy
Chemical
• Simplest level
• Atoms (building blocks of matter) combine to
form molecules such as water, sugar, and
proteins
Chemical level
Molecules associate to form cells (smallest unit
of living things)
cellular level
Group of similar cells that have a common
function
tissue level
Structure composed of 2 or more tissues that
have a common function
organ level
Group of organs that a work together for a
common purpose
organ system
Highest level of structural organization
Organism
Organ systems of the body
RUN MRS LIDEC
respiratory system parts
Organs include:
o Nostrils/Nares
o Nasal Cavity
o Pharynx
o Larynx
o Trachea
o Lungs
▪ Bronchi
▪ Bronchioles
▪ Alveoli
o Diaphragm
●
function of resp
Main Function: Keep the body supplied with oxygen and
eliminate carbon dioxide
Parts of urinary syatem
Organs include:
o Kidneys
o Ureter
o Bladder
o Urethra
●
function of urinary
Main Function: Remove the nitrogen-containing
wastes and expel them from the body as urine
parts of nervous
Organs include:
o Brain
o Spinal Cord
o Nerves
o Ganglion
Body’s fast-acting control system
● Main Function: respond to stimulus
nervous
what is stimulus
o Stimulus – changes in the environment
what are sensory receptors
Sensory Receptors - detect changes and send
messages via nerve impulses or electrical signals to the
CNS
muscular
Organs include:
o Muscles
function
Main Function: contract or shorten to produce
movement
produce offspring and regulate sexual characteristics
Repro system
parts of female reproductive
ovaries, fallopian tube, uterus, cervix, vagina
seminal vesicle, prostate gland, vascular deferens, testes, penis, urethra, scrotum
male
support the body and provide franework for the skeletal muscles to cause movement
skeletal system
parts of skeletal
bones and cartilage and joint
maintains fluid levels in the body tissues by removing all fluids that leak out of blood vessels
lympathic
lympathic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils,thymus
lympathic
cushion and protect deeper tissues from injuries
integumentary system
skin hair nails
integu
break down food and deliver nutrients to the blood for dispersal
digestive system
salivary glands, pharynx esophagus stomach small intestine large intestne rectum
organs
accessory
liver, gallbladder, pancreas
heart, blood vessels
cardiovascular system
deliver oxygen, nutrient and hormones using blood as carrier
cardiovascular
description of any region or part of the body in a soecific stance
anatomical position
stand erect, face forward, feet parallel
anatomical
allows anatomists to explain exactly where one body structure is located in relation to anotherd
directional terms
towards the head or above
superior/cranial/ cephalic
forehead is _ to the nose
superior
away from the head, below
inferior/caudal
navel is _ to the breastbone
inferior
in front of
anterior/ventral
breastbone is _ ti the spine
anterior/ventral
behind
posterior/dorsal
heart is posterior to the breastbone
posterior/dorsal
towards the midline (middle)
medial
heart is _ to the arm
medial
away from the midline
lateral
arms are - to the chest
lateral
between a more medial and a more lateral structure
lntermediate
collrbone is _between the breat bone and shoulder
intermediate
closer to the point of attachment
proximal
the elbow is - to the wrist
proximal
farther from point of attachment
distal
knee is - to the thigh
distal
at the body surface
superficial/external
skin is - to skeleton
superficial
more internal
deep/internal
lungs are - yo the rib cage
deep/internal
anterior bondy trunk inferior to ribs
abdominal
point of shoulder
acromial
forearm
antebrachial
anterior surface of elbow
antecubital
armpit
axillary
arm
brachial
cheek area
buccal
wrist
carpal
neck region
cervical
hip
coxal
anterior leg; the shin
crural
curve of shoulder formed by large deltoid muscle
deltoid
fingers, toes
digital
thigh
femoral
lateral part of leg
fibular
forehead
frontal
area where thigh meets body trunk; groin
inguinal
chin
mental
nose area
nasal
mouth
oral
eye area
orbital
anterior knee
patellar
relating to, the chest
pectoral
area overlying the pelvis anteriorly
pelvic
genital region
pubic
breastbone area
sternal
breastbone area
sternal
ankle region
tarsal
area between neck and abdomen
thoracic
navel
umbilical
heel of foot
calcaneal
head
cephalic
thigh
femoral
area back between ribs and hips
lumbar
base of skull
occipital
posterior surface of elbow
olecranal
posterior knee area
popliteal
area between hips and base of spine
sacral
shoulder blade region
scapular
posterior surface of leg; the calf
sural
area of spinal column
vertebral
one must make a section or cut to look at the internal structures of the body
body planes and sections
cut is made along an imaginary line called
plane
cut along a lengthwise direction dividing the body into left and right
sagittal section
cut along lengthwise direction dicing the body into left and right but equal sizes
median/midsagittal
divides into anterior posterior
frontal/coronal
divides the body into superior and inferior
transverse/cross
abdomen has
4 quadrants
1
right lower quadrant
2
right upper quadrant
left upper quadrant
3
4
left lower quadrant
regions of
abdomen
centermost, surrounding navel
umbilical
superior to umbilical cord
epigastric
epi and gastric
above stomach
inferior to umbilical region
hypogastric (below)
lateral to hypogastric region
reft and right llian/inguinal region
lateral to umbilical region
right and left lumbar region
lateral to epigastric region which contains the lower ribs
right and left hypochondriac
