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Block 2 > Anatomy 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy 2 Flashcards

1
Q

spinal lvl of greater occipital n vs suboccipital n?

A

C2 vs dorsal ramus of C1

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2
Q

greater occipital n/C2 pierces thru what muscle?

A

semispinalis capitis m

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3
Q

rectus capitis posterior minors meet at? rectus capitis posterior major and obliquus capitis inferior meet at?

A

posterior tubercle of C1/atlas. spinous process of C2/axis

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4
Q

describe vertebral a.

A
  • Branch of subclavian a.
  • Travels from C6 to C1 to foramen magnum –> perfuse CNS
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5
Q

rotation of C spine: shaking no vs yes. ipsilat vs contralat

A

C1-2/AA vs OA. rectus capitis posterior minor/major, obliquus capitis inferior, longissimus/splenius capitis vs SCM, semispinalis

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6
Q

all deep back muscles = innervated by?

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

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7
Q

describe wt transfer throughout body

A

vert column –> laterally to sacrum and ilium –> femur + pubic rami –> trabecular bone molds & creates lines

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8
Q

where to do intragluteal injections?

A

superior lateral quadrant to ensure safety of the sciatic nerve- between iliac tubercle and ASIS

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9
Q

dmg to what nerve causes Trendelenberg gait?

A

superior gluteal n

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10
Q

what are the lig of pelvis? know what each does

A

sacrotuberous lig (lat sacrum to ischial tuberosity —> greater/lesser sciatic foramen) sacrospinous lig (ant sacrum to ischial spine), obturator membrane (obturator canal for obturator n/a/v; common to herniate, prevent bladder form falling thru), posterior SI lig (ilia to sacrum), iliolumbar lig (iliac crest to L5)

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11
Q

lymph drainage of superficial gluteal region vs deep tissue of buttocks

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes vs sup/inf gluteal lymph nodes –> iliac lymph nodes –> lumbar (aorta/caval) lymph nodes

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12
Q

borders vs contents of popliteal fossa

A

semitendinosus, biceps long head, gastroc med & lat head, popliteal fascia (roof), popliteal surface of femur/popliteus m/joint capsule (floor) vs popliteal a/v, tibial & common fib n., small saphenous v, post fem cut n., popliteal lymphatics

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13
Q

roof vs apex of fem triangle

A

fascia lata vs intersection of adductus longus and sartorius

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14
Q

profunda femoris characteristics

A

branch of femoral a, lat/med circumflex fem a, perfuses into posterior thigh and makes perforating branches distally, w/ obturator a. supplying medial thigh

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15
Q

what’s the space behind the inguinal lig called? what are the 2 compartments and their contents?

A

retroinguinal space. muscular cmpt (iliacus, psoas major, fem n) and vascular cmpt (lat, intermediate, med cmpts for fem a/v/canal respsectively)

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16
Q

os coxa development

A

birth: ilium/ischium/pubis not oss –> joined by cartilage
puberty: still separated by hyaline cartilage => triradiate cartilage
20-25yo: complete fusion

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17
Q

what supplies the hip joint?

A

lat/med circumflex fem a., artery of head of femur (primary in children, smaller a in adults)

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18
Q

contents/apertures of pelvic wall: obturator canal vs greater sciatic foramen above vs below vs lesser sciatic foramen vs greater to lesser sciatic foramen

A

obturator n/a/v vs superior gluteal n/a/v, piri vs inferior gluteal n/a/v, piri; sciatic n, post fem cut n., n to QF vs obturator internus m vs internal/pudendal n, n to obturator internus

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19
Q

femoral hernia

A
  • Part of abdominal viscera protrudes through femoral ring into femoral canal
  • Advanced hernias can advance through the saphenous opening and into subQ tissue of the thigh
  • Female>male
  • Strangulation of the hernia can occur from the lacunar ligament
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20
Q

3 articulations of knee joint:

A

med/lat femorotibial articulations, femoropatellar articulation

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21
Q

fibrous layer vs synovial membrane layer of knee

A

externally wraps around knee joint including A/PCL; open in posterior for popliteus vs wraps internally/deep around knee joint not covered by articular cartilage excluding A/PCL; allows synovial fluid to move medial and laterally

22
Q

extracapsular knee lig: patellar lig vs MCL vs LCL vs oblique popliteal lig vs arcuate popliteal lig

A

Merger of quads that connects patella and tibial tuberosity vs Connects medial femoral epicondyle and medial tibia; Connects to medial meniscus vs Connects lateral femoral epicondyle and fibular head vs Connects semimembranosus tendon and blends with the joint capsule posteriorly vs Connects fibula and posterior joint capsule; Runs over the popliteus m

23
Q

how does screw home mechanism work?

A

when knee = locked –> femur medially rotates on tibia –> popliteus fires to unlock extended knee via flexion

24
Q

intraarticular knee lig: ACL vs PCL vs lat meniscus vs med meniscus. how are lat/med men attached?

A

attaches post sup to ant inf, prevent hyperextension vs attaches ant sup to post inf, prevent hyperflexion vs shock absorb, smaller more mobile vs shock absorb, bigger less mobile –> more injured. transverse lig anteriorly

25
Q

what supplies the knee?

A

genicular anastomses: the 4 + middle genicular a that goes into joint space

26
Q

genu valgus vs varus wears on?

A

MCL, lat men vs LCL, med men

27
Q

how to get O Donoghue’s Unhappy Triad/Terrible Triad?

A

foot fixed + twisting motion –> ACL, MCL, med men

28
Q

where are inteross mem vs ant intermuscular septum vs post intermuscular septum vs transverse intermuscular septum in LEG?

A

b/w tif/fib, ant/deep post cmpts vs b/w ant/lat cmpts vs b/w lat/post cmpts vs b/w deep/superficial post cmpts

29
Q

which bones are in hind vs mid vs forefoot?

A

talus, calcaneus vs navicular, cuboid, cuneis vs metatarsals, tarsals, phalanges

30
Q

steppage gait

A

paralysis of ant cmpt of leg/deep fib n –> foot drop –> pt can’t dorsilfex when walking in swing phase

31
Q

strongest plantarflexors at ankle joint? what makes up triceps surae?

A

calcaneal/Achilles tendon. 2 gastrocs + 1 soleus

32
Q

how to get talar neck fx or fully extended out talus vs comminuted calcaneal fx vs metatarsal fx vs avulsion fx of 5th MT?

A

forced dorsiflex or forced plantarflex vs falling on heel vs weight on dorsum of foot (common in dancers losing balance) vs sudden inversion –> fib brevis avulse at base

33
Q

which joint does dorsi/plantarflex vs in/evert occur?

A

talocrural/talocalcaneal joint vs subtalar and transverse tarsal/Chopart/talonavic + calcaneocuboid joints

34
Q

explain arteries of foot: ant tib a vs post tib a

A

dorsalis pedis a –> lateral tarsal and arcuate a –> arcuate becomes dorsal metatarsal arteries –> dorsal common digital arteries –> dorsal proper digital arteries; after lat tarsal/arcuate, dorsalis pedis a branches into deep plantar a and along w/ dorsal metatarsal arteries vs branches into med/lat plantar a

35
Q

Pott fx/dislocation

A

forced evert on deltoid ligament –> avulse medial malleolus –> displace talus laterally and fx fibula –> displace talus anteriorly and fx post distal tibia –> trimalleolar fx

36
Q

what’s a quick way to find dorsalis pedis a?

A

feel b/w EHL and EDL tendons on dorsal foot

37
Q

fxn of foot lumbricals, interossei vs quadratus plantae?

A

flexion of MTP vs IP

38
Q

medial longitudinal vs lateral longitudinal vs transverse arch

A

calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneis, 1st 3 MT vs calcaneus, cuboid, 4/5th MT vs cuboid, cuneis, base of MT

39
Q

passive vs dynamic supports of foot arches

A
  • Plantar aponeurosis
  • Long plantar ligament
  • Short plantar/plantar calcaneocuboid ligament
  • Spring/plantar calcaneonavicular lig
    vs
    FHL, FDL, ant/pos tibialis, fibularis longus (longitudinal arch)
    fibularis longus, TP (transverse arch)
40
Q

significance of tear drop in AP pel? 5 parts of prox femur?

A

tear drop –> when acetab comes around; no tear drop –> abnl acetab. head, neck greater/lesser troch, shaft

41
Q

risk factors of AVN?

A

chemo, long term steroids, alc, bisphosphonates, post traumatic

42
Q

femoroacetabular impingement syndrome

A

chronic hip pain d/t femoral head on acetab; cam/pincer/combined types

43
Q

which imging to see labrum tears? T1W vs T2W vs proton density

A

only MR arthrogram, not XR or CT. fat bright, more bone anatomy; coronal sagittal, limited axial vs water bright; coronal, sagittal vs more tissue; coronal, sagittal

44
Q

Segond fx. Pelligrini-Stieda Disease. fibrous dysplasia

A

Avulsion fx of lat tibial plateau at attachment of the lateral capsular ligament, Commonly associated with ACL or meniscal tears
calcification of MCL at med fem condyle d/t previous injury or posttraumatic hematoma
abnl blasts in immature woven bone & fibrous stroma where nml marrow & cancellous bone

45
Q

4 stages of osteochondritis dessicans

A
  1. Thickening of articular cartilage
  2. Articular cartilage breached- low signal rim behind fragment indicating fibrous attachment- stable
  3. Articular cartilage breached- high signal changes behind fragment and underlying subchondral bone- unstable
  4. Loose Body
46
Q

chondrosarcoma vs osteosarcoma vs nonossifying fibroma

A

hyaline cartilage cap, ragged vs sunburst, malignancy in metaphysis vs bubbling in bone, spont resolves

47
Q

lateral lig vs tib/fib syndesmosis vs deltoid lig. diff b/w deltoid lig vs spring lig?

A

A/P talofib lig, CFL; limits inversion vs A/P tibfib lig vs A/P tibiotalar lig, tibiocalcneo lig, tibionavic lig. from med malleolus vs from navic to sustentaculum tali

48
Q

what supplies glut max?

A

superior AND inferior gluteal a

49
Q

which nerve does saphenous n come from? which vein does great saphenous v come from?

A

femoral n. femoral v

50
Q

what makes up the plantar arch?

A

lateral plantar a and deep plantar a

51
Q

what 2 structures can you see in b/w TA and EDL?

A

ant tib a, DPN

Block 2 (16 decks)

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