Anatomy 2 Flashcards
what is the largest artery in the body
aorta
how many section can the aorta divide into
4
what are the sections of the aorta
the ascending aorta, the aortic arch, the thoracic (descending) aorta and the abdominal aorta.
What level does the aorta terminate at
It terminates at the level of L4 by bifurcating into the left and right common iliac arteries
What is the aorta classified as
a large elastic artery
Ascending aorta originates from _______ of the left ventricle
aortic vestibule
what is the aortic vestibule made up of
possesses fibrous instead of muscular walls.
What is the aortic vestibule termed as
left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT).
The left and right aortic sinuses are dilations in the ______ aorta, located at the level of the _______. They give rise to the left and right _______ that supply the myocardium
a. ascending
b. aortic valve
c. coronary arteries
the portion of the aorta that is attached to the heart
The aortic root
The ascending aorta is covered at its beginning by the
trunk of the pulmonary artery and the right auricula
higher up, The ascending aorta is separated from the sternum by
the pericardium, the right pleura, the anterior margin of the right lung, some loose areolar tissue, and the remains of the thymus
posteriorly, Ascending aorta rests upon
the left atrium and right pulmonary artery.
What is a continuation of the ascending aorta and begins at the level of the second sternocostal joint
The aortic arch
The aortic arch is a continuation of the ascending aorta and begins at the level of the ______ sternocostal joint.
second
The aortic arch ends at the level of the __ vertebra
T4
The arch is still connected to the pulmonary trunk by the
ligamentum arteriosum
There are three major branches arising from the aortic arch.
1- Brachiocephalic trunk: The first and largest branch that ascends laterally to split into the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries. These arteries supply the right side of the head and neck, and the right upper limb.
2- Left common carotid artery: Supplies the left side of the head and neck.
3- Left subclavian artery: Supplies the left upper limb.
The aortic arch loops over the _______ and the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk, to which it remains connected by the _______ a remnant of the fetal circulation that is obliterated a few days after birth.
a. left pulmonary artery
b. ligamentum arteriosum,
the aortic arch crosses the ______
left main bronchus.
Between the aortic arch and the pulmonary trunk is a network of autonomic nerve fiber
the cardiac plexus or aortic plexus.
The ________, which passes _____ to the aortic arch, gives off a major branch, the __________, which loops under the aortic arch just lateral to the _______, It then runs back to the neck
a. left vagus nerve
b. anterior
c. recurrent laryngeal nerve
d. ligamentum arteriosum
The __________ lies in the posterior mediastinum and begins as a continuation of the arch of the aorta on the ______ of the lower border of the body of the ___thoracic vertebra (opposite the ______)
a- descending thoracic aort
b- left side
c- 4th
d- sternal angle
At the level of the _____ thoracic vertebra, it passes behind the _______ (through the aortic opening) in the midline and becomes continuous with the ______ aorta.
a- 12th
b- diaphragm
c- abdominal
Which arteries are given off to the lower nine intercostal spaces on each side.
Posterior intercostal arteries
Which arteries are given off on each side and run along the lower border of the 12th rib to enter the abdominal wall
Subcostal arteries
Superior phrenic arteries
Paired parietal branches that supply the superior portion of the diaphragm.
Mediastinal arteries
Small arteries that supply the lymph glands and loose areolar tissue in the posterior mediastinum.
Behind the descending thoracic aorta is the vertebral column and the _______
hemiazygos vein
To the right of the descending aorta
To the right is the azygos veins and thoracic duct
to the left of the descending aorta
to the left is the left pleura and lung
In front of the descending thoracic aorta lies the root of the
left lung, the pericardium, the esophagus, and the diaphragm.
The esophagus, which is covered by a nerve plexus lies to the ______ of the descending thoracic aorta. Lower, the esophagus passes in front of the aorta, and ultimately is situated on______
right
the left.
Where does the Arterial Supply of the Heart lie
within subepicardial connective tissue
The right coronary artery Arises from
the anterior aortic sinus of the ascending aorta and runs forward between the pulmonary trunk and the right auricle.
The right coronary artery supplies
the right atrium, the right ventricle, parts of the left
atrium and left ventricle, and the posterior part of the atrioventricular septum.
Branches of the right coronary artery
1.The right conus artery:
Supplies the anterior surface of the pulmonary conus (infundibulum of the right ventricle) and the upper part of the anterior wall of the right ventricle.
2. The anterior ventricular branches:
Are two or three in number and supply the anterior surface of the right ventricle.
3.The marginal branch :
Is the largest and runs along the lower margin of the costal surface to reach the apex.
4. The posterior ventricular branches :
Are usually two in number and supply the diaphragmatic surface of the right ventricle.
5. The posterior interventricular (descending) artery:
Runs towards the apex in the posterior interventricular groove. It gives off branches to the right and left ventricles, including their inferior walls.
6. The atrial branches:
Supply the anterior and lateral surfaces of the right atrium. One branch supplies the posterior surface of both the right and left atria. The artery of the sinuatrial node supplies the node and the right and left atria; in 35% of individuals it arises from the left coronary artery.
What Is the largest right branch
marginal
Which branch supplies SA node
The atrial branches
Which coronary artery is larger
left
Where does left coronary artery arise from
It arises from the left posterior aortic sinus of the ascending aorta and passes forwards between the pulmonary trunk and the left auricle .
Branches of the left coronary artery
LAD circumflex
(left diagonal artery) may arise directly from
the trunk of the left coronary artery
small left conus artery supplies the
pulmonary conus.
Most blood from the heart wall drains into the right atrium through the
coronary sinus
the coronary sinus lies in the
posterior part of the atrioventricular groove and is a continuation of the great cardiac vein. It opens into the right atrium to the left of the inferior vena cava.
what are several small veins that drain directly into right atrium
Anterior cardiac veins
