Anatomy 2

Question 1

what is the largest artery in the body

Answer 1

aorta

Question 2

how many section can the aorta divide into

Answer 2

4

Question 3

what are the sections of the aorta

Answer 3

the ascending aorta, the aortic arch, the thoracic (descending) aorta and the abdominal aorta.

Question 4

What level does the aorta terminate at

Answer 4

It terminates at the level of L4 by bifurcating into the left and right common iliac arteries

Question 5

What is the aorta classified as

Answer 5

a large elastic artery

Question 6

Ascending aorta originates from _______ of the left ventricle

Answer 6

aortic vestibule

Question 7

what is the aortic vestibule made up of

Answer 7

possesses fibrous instead of muscular walls.

Question 8

What is the aortic vestibule termed as

Answer 8

left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT).

Question 9

The left and right aortic sinuses are dilations in the ______ aorta, located at the level of the _______. They give rise to the left and right _______ that supply the myocardium

Answer 9

a. ascending
b. aortic valve
c. coronary arteries

Question 10

the portion of the aorta that is attached to the heart

Answer 10

The aortic root

Question 11

The ascending aorta is covered at its beginning by the

Answer 11

trunk of the pulmonary artery and the right auricula

Question 12

higher up, The ascending aorta is separated from the sternum by

Answer 12

the pericardium, the right pleura, the anterior margin of the right lung, some loose areolar tissue, and the remains of the thymus

Question 13

posteriorly, Ascending aorta rests upon

Answer 13

the left atrium and right pulmonary artery.

Question 14

What is a continuation of the ascending aorta and begins at the level of the second sternocostal joint

Answer 14

The aortic arch

Question 15

The aortic arch is a continuation of the ascending aorta and begins at the level of the ______ sternocostal joint.

Answer 15

second

Question 16

The aortic arch ends at the level of the __ vertebra

Answer 16

T4

Question 17

The arch is still connected to the pulmonary trunk by the

Answer 17

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 18

There are three major branches arising from the aortic arch.

Answer 18

1- Brachiocephalic trunk: The first and largest branch that ascends laterally to split into the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries. These arteries supply the right side of the head and neck, and the right upper limb.
2- Left common carotid artery: Supplies the left side of the head and neck.
3- Left subclavian artery: Supplies the left upper limb.

Question 19

The aortic arch loops over the _______ and the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk, to which it remains connected by the _______ a remnant of the fetal circulation that is obliterated a few days after birth.

Answer 19

a. left pulmonary artery
b. ligamentum arteriosum,

Question 20

the aortic arch crosses the ______

Answer 20

left main bronchus.

Question 21

Between the aortic arch and the pulmonary trunk is a network of autonomic nerve fiber

Answer 21

the cardiac plexus or aortic plexus.

Question 22

The ________, which passes _____ to the aortic arch, gives off a major branch, the __________, which loops under the aortic arch just lateral to the _______, It then runs back to the neck

Answer 22

a. left vagus nerve
b. anterior
c. recurrent laryngeal nerve
d. ligamentum arteriosum

Question 23

The __________ lies in the posterior mediastinum and begins as a continuation of the arch of the aorta on the ______ of the lower border of the body of the ___thoracic vertebra (opposite the ______)

Answer 23

a- descending thoracic aort
b- left side
c- 4th
d- sternal angle

Question 24

At the level of the _____ thoracic vertebra, it passes behind the _______ (through the aortic opening) in the midline and becomes continuous with the ______ aorta.

Answer 24

a- 12th
b- diaphragm
c- abdominal

Question 25

Which arteries are given off to the lower nine intercostal spaces on each side.

Answer 25

Posterior intercostal arteries

Question 26

Which arteries are given off on each side and run along the lower border of the 12th rib to enter the abdominal wall

Answer 26

Subcostal arteries

Question 27

Superior phrenic arteries

Answer 27

Paired parietal branches that supply the superior portion of the diaphragm.

Question 28

Mediastinal arteries

Answer 28

Small arteries that supply the lymph glands and loose areolar tissue in the posterior mediastinum.

Question 29

Behind the descending thoracic aorta is the vertebral column and the _______

Answer 29

hemiazygos vein

Question 30

To the right of the descending aorta

Answer 30

To the right is the azygos veins and thoracic duct

Question 31

to the left of the descending aorta

Answer 31

to the left is the left pleura and lung

Question 32

In front of the descending thoracic aorta lies the root of the

Answer 32

left lung, the pericardium, the esophagus, and the diaphragm.

Question 33

The esophagus, which is covered by a nerve plexus lies to the ______ of the descending thoracic aorta. Lower, the esophagus passes in front of the aorta, and ultimately is situated on______

Answer 33

right
the left.

Question 34

Where does the Arterial Supply of the Heart lie

Answer 34

within subepicardial connective tissue

Question 35

The right coronary artery Arises from

Answer 35

the anterior aortic sinus of the ascending aorta and runs forward between the pulmonary trunk and the right auricle.

Question 36

The right coronary artery supplies

Answer 36

the right atrium, the right ventricle, parts of the left
atrium and left ventricle, and the posterior part of the atrioventricular septum.

Question 37

Branches of the right coronary artery

Answer 37

1.The right conus artery:
Supplies the anterior surface of the pulmonary conus (infundibulum of the right ventricle) and the upper part of the anterior wall of the right ventricle.
2. The anterior ventricular branches:
Are two or three in number and supply the anterior surface of the right ventricle.
3.The marginal branch :
Is the largest and runs along the lower margin of the costal surface to reach the apex.
4. The posterior ventricular branches :
Are usually two in number and supply the diaphragmatic surface of the right ventricle.
5. The posterior interventricular (descending) artery:
Runs towards the apex in the posterior interventricular groove. It gives off branches to the right and left ventricles, including their inferior walls.
6. The atrial branches:
Supply the anterior and lateral surfaces of the right atrium. One branch supplies the posterior surface of both the right and left atria. The artery of the sinuatrial node supplies the node and the right and left atria; in 35% of individuals it arises from the left coronary artery.

Question 38

What Is the largest right branch

Answer 38

marginal

Question 39

Which branch supplies SA node

Answer 39

The atrial branches

Question 40

Which coronary artery is larger

Answer 40

left

Question 41

Where does left coronary artery arise from

Answer 41

It arises from the left posterior aortic sinus of the ascending aorta and passes forwards between the pulmonary trunk and the left auricle .

Question 42

Branches of the left coronary artery

Answer 42

LAD circumflex

Question 43

(left diagonal artery) may arise directly from

Answer 43

the trunk of the left coronary artery

Question 44

small left conus artery supplies the

Answer 44

pulmonary conus.

Question 45

Most blood from the heart wall drains into the right atrium through the

Answer 45

coronary sinus

Question 46

the coronary sinus lies in the

Answer 46

posterior part of the atrioventricular groove and is a continuation of the great cardiac vein. It opens into the right atrium to the left of the inferior vena cava.

Question 47

what are several small veins that drain directly into right atrium

Answer 47

Anterior cardiac veins