anatomy Flashcards
what is the breast
subcutaneous gland
which ribs does the breast bed cover
2-6
what is the submammary space and where is it found
loose connective tissue that allows movement on deep fascia
between the deep fascia and the breast
what level is the nipple found at in nulliparous females
4th intercostal space
what does nulliparous mean
a woman who’s never given birth
what is a lobule of a breast
an area of breast drained by one terminal duct
what are the 3 components of the mammary gland
glandular tissue, fibrous tissue, interlobar fatty tissue
arterial supply of the breast
lateral mammary branches from the lateral thoracic artery
medial mammary arches from the internal thoracic artery
venous drainage of the breast
medial and lateral mammary veins
innervation of the breast
anterior and lateral branches of the 4-6th intercostal nerves
innervation of the nipple
anterior branch of the lateral cutaneous branch of T4
where does the majority of lymph from the breast drain
axillary nodes and then into supraclavicular nodes
where can lymph from the inner breast drain
parasternal lymph nodes
what is the basic functional secretory unit of the breast
the terminal duct lobular unit
what type of cell covers the nipple
pigmented keratinised squamous epithelium
how does the mammary gland change during the menstrual cycle
epithelial cells increase in height, lumina of ducts enlarge and secretions appear in the ducts
DURING THE LUTEAL PHASE
what happens to the mammary gland during pregnancy
oestrogen and progesterone stimulate proliferation of secretory tissue
what happens in the first trimester of pregnancy to the breast
elongation and branching of smaller ducts, proliferation of epithelial cells of glands and myoepithelial cells
what happens to the breast during the second trimester of pregnancy
glandular tissue continues to develop with differentiation of secretory alveoli
what makes up human milk
water, carbs (lactose), lipid, protein
ions, vitamins and antibodies
which antibodies are found in breast milk
IgA
