Anatomy

Question 1

How does blood get to the heart?

Answer 1

Inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary veins

Question 2

Inner layer of the heart

Answer 2

Endocardium

Question 3

Describe cardiac cells

Answer 3

Short in length
Have branches
Ends are attached in an end-to-end fashion, at the joins the plasma membrane thickens creating an intercalted disk - hold cells together and allow gap junctions for action potentials to pass

Question 4

What are the 2 functions of myocardium?

Answer 4

Perform contraction
Initiate chemical impulses

Question 5

Middle layer of the heart

Answer 5

Myocardium

Question 6

What fluid is found between the fibrous and senous layer in the pericardium and what is it’s function?

Answer 6

Pericadial fluid
Prevents friction

Question 7

Name the 2 sacs of the pericardium and their function

Answer 7

1. Fibrous - tough, inelastic connective tissue
   Function - prevents overstretching, provides protection and keeps the heart in place
2. Serous - thinner layer that has 2 layers
   1 - parietal connected to fibrous pericardium
3. visceral - adheres to the heart

Question 8

Otuside layer of the heart

Answer 8

Pericardium

Question 9

What supplies the heart muscle with blood?

Answer 9

Right coronary artery
Left coronary artery which splits into anterior descending and circumflex

Question 10

What are the three types of blood vessels and what is their role?

Answer 10

Arteries - carry blood away from the heart
Veins - carry blood back to the heart
Capillaries - enable the exchange of water, nutrients, chemicals and waste products between blood and tissue

Question 11

What are the 3 layers of the blood vessels?

Answer 11

1. Tunica interna
2. Tunica media
3. Tunica externa

Question 12

What is the tunica interna?

Answer 12

The inner layer of a blood vessel
A thin layer in a blood vessel
Gives smoothness to the lining, enhancing blood flow
It is lined by epithelial cells and elastic tissue but varies in thickness

Question 13

What is the tunica media?

Answer 13

The middle layer of blood vessels
Conists of elastic fibres and smooth muscle which allows for vasoconstriction, changing flow and pressure
When stimulated, walls contract, narrowing the lumen and increasing pressure

Question 14

What is the tunica externa?

Answer 14

The outer layer of a blood vessel
Consists of collagen fibres and serves to anchor the blood vessel to nearby organs

Question 15

What are capillaries?

Answer 15

Tiny blood vessel networks near organs and tissues
Wall are one cell thick allowing exchange of materials

Question 16

How do you check for capillary refill time?

Answer 16

Press finger for 5 seconds and it should turn a pale colour
Let go and blood should refill in 2 seconds
If not, blood refill is delayed