Anatomy

Question 1

venous daring of ovaries and testes

Answer 1

left gonadal vein -> left renal vein -> left IVC
right gonadal vein -> IVC

Question 2

what side are varicoceles more common and why

Answer 2

left because the testicular vein enters the left renal vein at 90 degree angle so flow is less laminar = increased venous pressure on the left

Question 3

repro organs lymphatic drainage to the para-aortic lymph nodes

Answer 3

ovaries, fallopian tubes, fundus of uterus
testes

Question 4

repro organs lymphatic drainage to external iliac lymph nodes

Answer 4

superior part of bladder
body of uterus, cervix

Question 5

repro organs lymphatic drainage to internal iliac

Answer 5

inferior part of bladder
cervix, proximal vagina
prostate, corpus cavernosum

Question 6

repro organs lymphatic drainage to superficial inguinal

Answer 6

distal anal canal
distal vagina, vulva
scrotum

Question 7

repro organs lymphatic drainage to deep inguinal lymph nodes

Answer 7

glans penis
glans clitoris

Question 8

lymphatic drainage of the;
prostate?
scrotum?
testes?

Answer 8

prostate - internal iliac
scrotum - superficial inguinal
testes - para aortic

Question 9

lymphatic drainage of the bladder

Answer 9

superior bladder - external iliac
inferior bladder - internal iliac

Question 10

lymphatic drainage of the;
uterus?
fallopian tubes?
ovaries?
cervix?
vulva?

Answer 10

uterus - para-aortic (fundus), external iliac (body)
fallopian tubes - paraaortic
ovaries - para-aortic
cervix - internal and external iliac
vulva - superficial inguinal

Question 11

connections of infundibulopelvic ligament

Answer 11

ovary to lateral pelvic wall

Question 12

connections of ovarian ligament

Answer 12

ovaries to uterine horn

Question 13

connections of round ligament

Answer 13

uterine horn to labia majora

Question 14

connections of broad ligament

Answer 14

uterus to lateral pelvic wall

Question 15

connections of cardinal ligament

Answer 15

cervix to lateral pelvic wall

Question 16

connections of uterosacral ligament

Answer 16

cervix to sacrum

Question 17

structures contained within cardinal ligament

Answer 17

uterine vessels

Question 18

structures contained within broad ligament

Answer 18

ovary, fallopian tube, round ligament

Question 19

cell type of the vulva

Answer 19

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 20

cell type of vagina

Answer 20

non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Question 21

cell type of ectocervix

Answer 21

non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Question 22

most common site for cervical cancer

Answer 22

transformational zone - squamocolumnar junction

Question 23

cell type within the uterus

Answer 23

simple columnar epithelium with long tubular glands in proliferative phase; coiled glands in secretory phase

Question 24

cell type within fallopian tubes

Answer 24

ciliated simple columnar epithelium

Question 25

cell type within the ovaries

Answer 25

simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 26

pathway of sperm during ejaculation

Answer 26

SEVEN UP Seminiferous tubules epididymis vas deferens ejaculatory ducts (nothing) urethra penis

Question 27

nerve innervation for male erection

Answer 27

Point, squeeze and shoot parasympathetic (pelvic splanchnic nerves S2,S3,S4) s2,3,4 keeps the penis off the floor

Question 28

nerve innervation for male ejaculation

Answer 28

visceral and somatic nerves (pudendal nerve) point, squeeze and Shoot

Question 29

nerve innervation for emission of erection in males

Answer 29

point, Squeeze and shoot sympathetic nerve (hypogastric nerve T11-L2)

Question 30

action of sildenifil

Answer 30

PDE-5 inhibitor decreases cGMP

Question 31

cells which line the seminiferous tubules

Answer 31

spermatogonia (germ cells) sertoli cells (non germ cells) leydig cells (endocrine cells)

Question 32

role of sertoli cells

Answer 32

line Seminiferous tubules, regular Spermatogenesis, Support Sperm Synthesis, and inhibit fSh (all the S's) are also Temperature sensitive

Question 33

what effect does temperature have to sertoli cells

Answer 33

increased temperature decreases sperm production increased temp associated with varicocele and cryptochirdism

Question 34

function of leydig cells

Answer 34

secrete testosterone in the present of LH (leydig cells = LH)

Question 35

function of spermatogonia

Answer 35

produce primary spermatocytes maintain germ cell pool

Question 36

what vessels are found in the umbillical cord and their functions

Answer 36

x2 umbillical arteries transport deoxygenated (50%) blood from foetus to placenta x1 umbilical vein transports oxygenated (90%) blood from placenta to foetus

Question 37

abnormal development of what structure results in hypospadias

Answer 37

urogenital folds

Question 38

describe how male internal organs occur during development

Answer 38

testes determining factor is produced by SRY portion on Y chromosome which causes development of testes

Question 39

what muscle does the cremaster muscle originate from

Answer 39

internal oblique

Question 40

sensory and motor innervation for the cremaster reflex

Answer 40

sensory - illioinguinal (L1) motor - genitofemoral (L1)

Question 41

what cells line the semiferous tubules in males?

Answer 41

stratified epitheilium containing spermatogenic and sertoli cells

Question 42

what cells line ejaculatory duct?

Answer 42

simple columnar epithelium

Question 43

what cells line vas deferens?

Answer 43

pseudostratified columar epithelium

Question 44

what cells line epididymis ?

Answer 44

pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia

Question 45

what cells line urethra?

Answer 45

proximal 2/3rds transitional epithelium distal 1/3 squamous epithelium

Question 46

what is responsible for sperm motility?

Answer 46

sperm acquire motility in the epididymis its due to the interaction of the sperm axoneme (group of microtubules that slide against one another) with dynein (motor protein that slides along the axoneme)