anatomy

Question 1

one of the 20 individual foot muscles. It is situated in the second layer of muscles at the sole of the foot.

Answer 1

quadratus plantae

Question 2

responsible for the movement and curling of the second, third, fourth and fifth toes

Answer 2

flexor digitorum longus

Question 3

a group of four small intrinsic muscles in the foot’s central compartment of plantar muscles. The name comes from the Latin word lumbricus, which means “worm”.

Answer 3

lumbricals (🪱🪱🪱🪱)

Question 4

a calf muscle that helps flex the big toe, invert the foot, and plantarflex. It’s one of four muscles that make up the lower limb’s deep posterior compartment, along with the flexor digitorum longus (FDL), tibialis posterior, and popliteus muscles.

Answer 4

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Question 5

intrinsic muscle of the foot. It participates in the abduction and flexion of the great toe

Answer 5

Abductor Hallucis

Question 6

a small, short, fusiform muscle in the foot that’s located in the first layer of plantar muscles on the lateral border of the sole

Answer 6

Abductor digiti minimi

Question 7

an intrinsic muscle of the foot. It is located within the first (most superficial) plantar muscle layer of the foot, between the plantar fascia and the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus.

Answer 7

flexor digitorum brevis

Question 8

spinal movement that lengthens the spine by reducing the primary and secondary curves of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions

Answer 8

axial extension

Question 9

a dome-shaped muscle and tendon that separates the chest from the abdomen and is a key muscle in respiration. It has a convex upper surface that forms the floor of the thoracic cavity and a concave lower surface that forms the roof of the abdominal cavity.

Answer 9

diaphragm

Question 10

a complex organ that protects and contains the organs in the abdomen, which is located between the chest and pelvis. It’s made up of layers of skin, muscles, fat, and other tissues, and also includes nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics. The abdominal wall has many functions, including:

Answer 10

Abdominal Wall

Question 11

a flat, pear-shaped muscle in the gluteal region that runs from the lower spine to the top of the thighs. It helps with almost every lower body movement, including walking and shifting weight. When the hip is extended, the piriformis acts as an external rotator, and when the hip is flexed, it acts as an adductor. The sciatic nerve usually runs directly beneath the piriformis, but in some people it may run through the muscle.

Answer 11

Piriformis

Question 12

a thin muscle in the posterior abdominal wall that’s part of the iliopsoas muscle complex, along with the psoas major and iliacus muscles. It’s located in front of the psoas major and originates from the vertebral bodies of T12 and L1, attaching to the pectineal line, a ridge on the superior ramus of the pubic bone.

Answer 12

Psoas minor

Question 13

a long, thick, fusiform muscle in the posterior abdominal wall that’s part of the hip flexor group. It’s located next to the lumbar vertebrae and originates from the transverse processes and vertebral bodies of the first four lumbar vertebrae, as well as the transverse process of the last thoracic vertebra.

Answer 13

Psoas major

Question 14

a large, fan-shaped muscle in the inner hip and posterior abdominal wall that’s part of the iliopsoas musculotendinous unit (IPMU)

Answer 14

Iliacus

Question 15

a group of three muscles that flex the hip joint and stabilize the lower back and hip during activities like walking, running, and standing up

Answer 15

iliopsoas

Question 16

located on the medial side of the thigh

Answer 16

Vastus Medialis

Question 17

Located on the lateral side of the thigh

Answer 17

Vastus lateralis

Question 18

Located in the middle of the thigh, beneath the rectus femoris, this muscle’s main purpose is to extend the knee

Answer 18

Vastus intermedius

Question 19

muscle has two heads and stretches down to the kneecap, making it the only quad muscle that crosses both the hip and knee joints. It also acts as a thigh flexor on the hip joint

Answer 19

Rectus femoris

Question 20

a group of four muscles in the front of the thigh that are responsible for extending the leg and helping with movements like walking and jumping

Answer 20

quadriceps femoris, also known as the quads

Question 21

an intrinsic muscle of the foot. It is located within the third plantar muscle layer of the foot.

Answer 21

flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 22

a small intrinsic muscle of the foot. It is located deep within the sole, on the medial aspect.

Answer 22

Flexor hallucis brevis

Question 23

adducts and flexes the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint and supports the transverse and longitudinal arches

Answer 23

adductor hallucis

Question 24

muscles found near the metatarsal bones that help to control the toes. They are considered voluntary muscles. Dorsal: Adjacent sides of 1st through 5th metatarsals. Plantar: Bases and medial sides of 3rd through 5th metatarsals.

Answer 24

interosseous muscles (of the foot)

Question 25

(heel bone) is the largest of the tarsal bones in the foot. It lies at the back of the foot (hindfoot) below the three bones that make up the ankle joint. These three bones are the: Tibia (shinbone)

Answer 25

calcaneus

Question 26

the bone that makes up the lower part of the ankle joint (the tibia and fibula make up the upper part). The ankle joint allows your foot to move up and down.
It also sits above the heel bone (calcaneus).

Answer 26

talus

Question 27

also known as the distal aspect, forms the top of the ankle joint. It’s smaller than the proximal end and has five surfaces:
Inferior surface: Articulates with the talus
Anterior surface: Covered by extensor tendons and provides an area for the ankle joint capsule to attach
Posterior surface: Has a groove for the tibialis posterior muscle
Lateral surface: Has a fibular notch that attaches to the interosseous membrane
Medial surface: Forms the medial malleolus, a large bony bump on the inside of the ankle that’s sometimes called the little hammer

Answer 27

base of tibia

Question 28

a set of bones in the human appendicular skeleton that connects to each arm. It’s made up of the clavicle (collarbone) and scapula (shoulder blade):

Answer 28

shoulder girdle

Question 29

an important bone structure that supports your body and helps you walk, twist and move. made up of vertebrae (bones), disks, joints, soft tissues, and nerves. vertebrae are numbered and divided into regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx

Answer 29

spine

Question 30

a group of three muscles located in the back of the thigh that extend from the hip to the knee

Answer 30

hamstring muscles

Question 31

Flexes the knee, extends the hip, and rotates the lower leg from side to side when the knee is bent

Answer 31

Biceps femoris

Question 32

Flexes the knee, extends the hip, and rotates the hip and lower leg medially

Answer 32

Semimembranosus

Question 33

Functions similarly to the semimembranosus

Answer 33

Semitendinosus

Question 34

a group of muscles that run from the pelvis to the inner thigh and knee. They are also known as the “groin muscles” and are responsible for moving the lower body toward the midline of the body. This motion can be felt when squeezing the thighs together. tThey also help rotate and flex the thigh, and stabilize the trunk.

Answer 34

adductor muscles

Question 35

a group of small, short muscles in the deepest layer of the back that connect the transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae. They are most developed in the neck and can be found in the cervical, lumbar, and some thoracic vertebrae.

Answer 35

intertransversarii

Question 36

a deep group of back muscles that lies deep to the Erector Spinae. It consists of 3 major subgroups: semispinalis, multifidus and rotatores.

Answer 36

transversospinalis group

Question 37

a group of long muscles that run along the spine and help straighten and rotate the back. They also work with the glutes to maintain posture while sitting or standing.

Answer 37

erector spinae

Question 38

the smallest section of the trapezius muscle and is located in the upper back. It extends from the base of the neck across the top of the shoulders.

Answer 38

Upper trapezius

Question 39

a broad, fan-shaped muscle in the anterior chest wall

Answer 39

serratus anterior

Question 40

a muscle in the shoulder that’s part of the rotator cuff, along with the infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis. It’s located in the supraspinous fossa of the scapula, above the glenohumeral joint, and inserts into the greater tuberosity of the humerus.

Answer 40

supraspinatus

Question 41

arises from the lateral margin and superior surface of the acromion of scapula.

Answer 41

middle deltoid

Question 42

originates, via a long cylindrical tendon, from the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula. This origin site is located within the capsule of the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint, and its tendon is continuous with the glenoid labrum of the glenohumeral joint.

Answer 42

biceps brachii long head

Question 43

the largest and heaviest muscle in the body. It is the most superficial of all gluteal muscles that are located at the posterior aspect of the hip joint. It is the largest muscle at the hip representing 16% of the total cross-sectional area

Answer 43

gluteus maximus

Question 44

a large, fan-shaped muscle in the hip region; a primary hip abductor, working with the gluteus minimus and tensor fascia lata to move the thigh away from the body; the anterior fibers rotate the thigh internally, while the posterior fibers rotate it laterally when the knee is extended

Answer 44

gluteus medius

Question 45

a small, triangular muscle in the hip that helps stabilize the hip and pelvis, and abduct the hip and thigh

Answer 45

gluteus minimus

Question 46

a large, flat, triangular muscle that covers the lower back and is the body’s widest and most powerful back muscle. It originates from the lower half of the vertebral column and hipbone, and tapers into a rounded tendon that attaches to the upper part of the upper arm

Answer 46

latissimus dorsi

Question 47

consist of two separate muscles; the major and minor muscles, which are found immediately deep to the trapezius.

Answer 47

rhomboid

Question 48

the largest muscle in the anterior compartment of the lower leg, and is responsible for over 60% of the ankle’s dorsiflexor muscle volume. It’s a long, narrow, fusiform-shaped muscle that runs along the lateral side of the tibia and ends in a tendon near the ankle.

Answer 48

tibialis anterior

Question 49

a muscle of the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm and with other extensor muscles arises from a common tendon attached to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.

Answer 49

extensor digitorum