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Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the physical structure of the body and its components

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2
Q

Physiology

A

The study of the normal functions of the living organisms and their parts

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3
Q

Pathophysiology

A

Study of how normal physiologic processes are affected by disease

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4
Q

Thoracic cage

A

Ribcage

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5
Q

Joint

A

The place where two bones meet

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6
Q

Ligament

A

The muscle tissue that connects bones to bones (supports/strengthen joints)

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7
Q

Tendon

A

The muscle tissue that connects muscle to bone

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8
Q

Cartilage

A

Cushion between bones

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9
Q

Vertebrae

A

Bones in the spine (vertebral column)

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10
Q

Cervical spine

A

First 7 (C1-C7) vertebrae in the neck

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11
Q

Thoracic spine

A

Next 12 (T1-T12) vertebrae

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12
Q

Lumbar spine

A

Next 5 (L1-L5) vertebrae

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13
Q

Sacrum

A

5 Sacral vertebrae that form the sacrum (S1-S5)

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14
Q

Coccyx

A

Tailbone; last 4 vertebrae that form the coccyx

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15
Q

Thorax

A

Chest

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16
Q

Sternum

A

Breast bone

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17
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

Shoulder

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18
Q

Scapula

A

Shoulder blade

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19
Q

Clavicle

A

Collarbone

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20
Q

Femur

A

Thighbone (longest bone in body, one of the strongest)

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21
Q

Tibia

A

Shinbone; larger of the 2 bones in the lower leg

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22
Q

Fibula

A

Smaller of the 2 bones in the lower leg on the lateral side

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23
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Upper airway; upper section of the pharynx that connects with the nasal cavity

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24
Q

Oropharynx

A

Upper airway; section of the pharynx at the back of the throat, from the back of the mouth to the esophagus and trachea

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25
Q

Larynx

A

Upper airway; voicebox

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26
Q

Laryngpharynx

A

Upper airway

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27
Q

Epiglottis

A

Upper airway; valve that allows air to pass into trachea but prevents food/liquids from entering

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28
Q

Trachea

A

Lower airway; windpipe, main trunk for passing air to and from lungs

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29
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

Lower airway; Adam’s apple, forms the upper part of the larynx

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30
Q

Alveoli

A

Lower airway; air sacs of the lungs in which the exchange of oxygen and CO2 take place

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31
Q

Main bronchi

A

Lower airway; air passageway to lungs, from the trachea

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32
Q

Bronchioles

A

Lower airway; smaller bronchi in the lungs

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33
Q

Diaphragm

A

Contraction of this muscle brings air into the lungs. Relaxation allows air to be expelled from the lungs.

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34
Q

Ventilation

A

Exchange of air between lungs and the environment; occurs spontaneously by patient or with assistance from another person, such as an EMT

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35
Q

Respiration

A

Process of exchanging oxygen and CO2

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36
Q

Adult male lung capacity

A

6000mL

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37
Q

Adult woman lung capacity

38
Q

Tidal volume

A

Amount of air (mL) that is moved in or out of lungs during one breath

39
Q

Average tidal volume in adults

40
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

Amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal breath (in addition to tidal volume)

41
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

Amount of air that can be exhaled after a normal exhilation

42
Q

Residual volume

A

Air that remains in the lungs after fully exhaling

43
Q

Average inspiratory reserve volume in adults

44
Q

Average expiratory reserve volume in adults

45
Q

Average residual volume in adults

46
Q

Minute volume

A

Volume of air that moves in and out of lungs per minute (Minute volume=respiratory rate * tidal volume)

47
Q

Signs of inadequate breathing in adults

A

Muscle retractions, pale or cyanotic (blue) skin, cool and damp (clammy) skin, tripod position

48
Q

Heart

A

Pumps blood throughout the body

49
Q

Myocardium

A

The heart muscle

50
Q

Atrium

A

Upper chambers (2) in the heart

51
Q

Ventricle

A

Lower chambers (2) in the heart

52
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessels that carry blood from the tissues to the heart

53
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

4 veins that return oxygenated from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

54
Q

Aorta

A

Main artery leaving the left side of the heart and carrying freshly oxygenated blood to the body

55
Q

Heart rate (HR)

A

Number of heart beats per specific time (usually 1 minute)

56
Q

Stroke volume (SV)

A

Volume of blood pumped forward with ventricular contraction (heart beat)

57
Q

Cardiac output (CO)

A

Amount of blood moved per minute (CO=HR * SV)

58
Q

Pulse

A

Wave of pressure created as the heart contracts and forces blood out the left ventricle into the major arteries

59
Q

Carotid artery pulse

A

Upper neck

60
Q

Femoral artery pulse

61
Q

Radial artery pulse

A

Wrist (base of thumb)

62
Q

Brachial artery pulse

A

Medial aspect of arm, halfway between the elbow and shoulder

63
Q

Posterior tibial artery pulse

A

Posterior to tiny bump on inner ankle

64
Q

Dorsalis pedis artery pulse

A

Top of foot

65
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Protein in red-blood cells carrying oxygen

66
Q

Red blood cells

A

Cells that carry oxygen to body’s tissues

67
Q

White blood cells

A

Cells that have a role in body’s immune defense mechanism against infection

68
Q

Blood pressure (BP)

A

Pressure that blood exerts against the walls of the arteries as it passes through them (systolic/diastolic)

69
Q

Systolic blood pressure

A

Pressure within the arteries when the heart is contracting

70
Q

Diastolic blood pressure

A

Pressure within the arteries when the heart is at rest

71
Q

Pulse pressure

A

Difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures

72
Q

Preload

A

Amount of blood returning to the heart

73
Q

Afterload

A

Pressure to be overcome when left ventricle contracts (same as diastolic pressure)

74
Q

Perfusion

A

Flow of blood through body tissues/vessels

75
Q

Hypoperfusion (shock)

A

Inadequate perfusion (flow of blood through body tissues/vessels)

76
Q

Esophagus

A

Tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach; muscle contractions propel food/liquids through it to the stomach

77
Q

Liver

A

Removes toxins, processes food nutrients, and regulates body metabolism.

78
Q

Enzymes

A

Speed up the rate of specific biochemical reactions

79
Q

Kidneys

A

2 organs that excrete the end products of metabolism as urine and regulate the body’s salt and water content

80
Q

Ureter

A

Tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder

81
Q

Urethra

A

Canal that conveys urine from the bladder to outside the body

82
Q

Respiratory compromise

A

Inability of the body to move gas effectively, can result in hypoxia and/or hypercapia

83
Q

Hypoxia

A

Deficient oxygen concentration in the body

84
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Abnormally high CO2 level in the bloodstream

85
Q

Hypovolemic shock

A

Lack of blood volume; circulating blood volume is not enough to deliver enough oxygen and nutrients to the body

86
Q

Cardiogenic shock

A

Associated with impaired heart function; compromised heart function prevents wastes and nutrients from moving around the body effectively

87
Q

Obstructive shock

A

Results from blocked blood flow back to or through the heart

88
Q

Anaphylactic shock

A

Results from severe allergic reactions

89
Q

Septic shock

A

Results from severe infection

90
Q

Neurogenic shock

A

Results from injury to the nervous system

91
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of blood vessels, forming plaque, which eventually leads to a partial or complete blockage of blood flow

EMT (4 decks)

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