ANATOMY Flashcards
what are the bones of the neurocranium (6)
frontal bone
parietal bone
sphenoid bone
temporal bone
occipital bone
ethmoid bone-cribriform plate-
what are the bones of the viscerocranium (4+4 bonus)
nasal bone
zygomatic bone
mandible bone
maxilla bone
lacrimal bone
palatine bone
vomer bone
nasal concha
what is foramen magnum
spinal cord exits from it
means big hole
how many vertebral bones
33
what are the distributions of the vertebral column?
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccygeal
no. of vertebrae in cervical
7
no. of vertebrae in thoracic
12
no. of vertebrae in lumbar
5
no. of vertebrae in sacral
5 sacrum
no. of vertebrae in coccygeal
4- fuse to form coccyx
different types of joints
synovial
cartilaginous
fibrous
types of fibrous joints
syndesmoses- unites bones with fibrous sheet
sutures- between bones of skull
fontanelles- wide sutures in neonatal skull
what is moudling?
Make’s the baby’s head smaller for passage through the birth canal-allows the growing frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital bones to ‘slide’ over each other
types of cartilaginous joints
primary cartilaginous - synchondroses- hyaline
secondary cartilaginous- symphyses- fibrocartilage
what are the 2 components of secondary cartilaginous joints?
outer fibrous- annulus fibrosus
inner soft- nucleus pulposus
what is the periosteum?
periosteum
- fibrous connective tissue ‘sleeve’
- vascularised
what are the subtypes of the synovial joints?
pivot
plane
hinge
bi-axial
ball and socket
what is the order of mobility in joints?
synovial>cartilaginous>fibrous
what is subluxation
reduced area of contact between articular surfaces
what is dislocation?
complete loss of contact between articular surfaces
what is aponeurosis?
flattened tendon- flat muscles
what are the 2 main relflxes involving skeletal muscles?
stretch reflex
flexion withdrawal relfex
reflexes are protective agasint overstretching
what is paralysis?
a muscle without a functioning motor nerve supply is “paralysed”
muscle would have reduced tone
what is spasticity?
the muscle has an intact and functioning motor nerve but the descending controls from the brain are not working
the muscle would have increased tone
what is muscular atrophy?
‘wasting’ of the muscles
muscle fibres (myocytes) become smaller, reducing the muscle’s bulk
-due to inactivity
what is muscle hypertrophy?
skeletal muscles enlarge
each individual myocyte enlarges
what is a facet joint?
between articular processes of 2 adjacent vertebrae
C1 vertebrae is also known as
ATLAS
no body or spinous process
C2 vertebrae is also known as
AXIS
has ontoid process- surpeiror projection
C7 vertebrae is also known as
vertebrae prominens
false ribs are no.?
8-10
attach via coastal cartilage above to sternum
floating ribs are no.?
11-12
no attachment to sternum
layers of the uterus are
perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium
what does anteverted mean
cervix tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina
what does antiflexed mean
uterus tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix
where are the ovaries located? where did they develop
laterally in the pelvic cavity
Develop on the posterior abdominal wall and move onto the lateral wall of the pelvis.
what hormones do ovaries secrete
Secrete oestrogen and progesterone in response to pituitary hormones
what arteries supply the female pelvis
internal iliac artery
ovarian artery
uterine artery
vaginal artery
ovum develops in the ____ and is it released into the ____ from it
ovary, peritoneal cavity
the fallopian tube gathers the ovum with the help of ___ into the ____
fimbria, infundibulum
what moves the ovum along the uterine tube
cilia
during menstruation, an unfertilised ovum is expelled by contractions of the ________
myometrium
fertilization usually occurs in the
ampulla
implantation usually occurs in the
body of the uterus
what is an ectopic pregnancy?
Fertilised ovum implants outside the uterine cavity:
in uterine tube
in the abdominal region
danger of: hemmorrahge
what is tubectomy in females?
tube ligation
clipping of uterine tubes
the anatomical position of the penis is erect
true or false
true
during development, the testis originates on the
posterior wall of the abdominal cavity
sperm produced in ________ tubules and pass through _____,______,_____
seminiferous , rete testis , epididymis, vas deferens
dartos is a ____ muscle that helps control ____ in the testis for development of sperm
smooth, temperature
temp 1c below core body temp
what does the spermatic cord consist of?
vas deferens
testicular artery
pampiniform plexus of veins
