ANATOMY

Question 1

what are the bones of the neurocranium (6)

Answer 1

frontal bone
parietal bone
sphenoid bone
temporal bone
occipital bone
ethmoid bone-cribriform plate-

Question 2

what are the bones of the viscerocranium (4+4 bonus)

Answer 2

nasal bone
zygomatic bone
mandible bone
maxilla bone
lacrimal bone
palatine bone
vomer bone
nasal concha

Question 3

what is foramen magnum

Answer 3

spinal cord exits from it
means big hole

Question 4

how many vertebral bones

Answer 4

33

Question 5

what are the distributions of the vertebral column?

Answer 5

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccygeal

Question 6

no. of vertebrae in cervical

Answer 6

7

Question 7

no. of vertebrae in thoracic

Answer 7

12

Question 8

no. of vertebrae in lumbar

Answer 8

5

Question 9

no. of vertebrae in sacral

Answer 9

5 sacrum

Question 10

no. of vertebrae in coccygeal

Answer 10

4- fuse to form coccyx

Question 11

different types of joints

Answer 11

synovial
cartilaginous
fibrous

Question 12

types of fibrous joints

Answer 12

syndesmoses- unites bones with fibrous sheet
sutures- between bones of skull
fontanelles- wide sutures in neonatal skull

Question 13

what is moudling?

Answer 13

Make’s the baby’s head smaller for passage through the birth canal-allows the growing frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital bones to ‘slide’ over each other

Question 14

types of cartilaginous joints

Answer 14

primary cartilaginous - synchondroses- hyaline
secondary cartilaginous- symphyses- fibrocartilage

Question 15

what are the 2 components of secondary cartilaginous joints?

Answer 15

outer fibrous- annulus fibrosus
inner soft- nucleus pulposus

Question 16

what is the periosteum?

Answer 16

periosteum
- fibrous connective tissue ‘sleeve’
- vascularised

Question 17

what are the subtypes of the synovial joints?

Answer 17

pivot
plane
hinge
bi-axial
ball and socket

Question 18

what is the order of mobility in joints?

Answer 18

synovial>cartilaginous>fibrous

Question 19

what is subluxation

Answer 19

reduced area of contact between articular surfaces

Question 20

what is dislocation?

Answer 20

complete loss of contact between articular surfaces

Question 21

what is aponeurosis?

Answer 21

flattened tendon- flat muscles

Question 22

what are the 2 main relflxes involving skeletal muscles?

Answer 22

stretch reflex
flexion withdrawal relfex

reflexes are protective agasint overstretching

Question 23

what is paralysis?

Answer 23

a muscle without a functioning motor nerve supply is “paralysed”

muscle would have reduced tone

Question 24

what is spasticity?

Answer 24

the muscle has an intact and functioning motor nerve but the descending controls from the brain are not working

the muscle would have increased tone

Question 25

what is muscular atrophy?

Answer 25

‘wasting’ of the muscles muscle fibres (myocytes) become smaller, reducing the muscle’s bulk | -due to inactivity

Question 26

what is muscle hypertrophy?

Answer 26

skeletal muscles enlarge each individual myocyte enlarges

Question 27

what is a facet joint?

Answer 27

between articular processes of 2 adjacent vertebrae

Question 28

C1 vertebrae is also known as

Answer 28

ATLAS | no body or spinous process

Question 29

C2 vertebrae is also known as

Answer 29

AXIS | has ontoid process- surpeiror projection

Question 30

C7 vertebrae is also known as

Answer 30

vertebrae prominens

Question 31

false ribs are no.?

Answer 31

8-10 | attach via coastal cartilage above to sternum

Question 32

floating ribs are no.?

Answer 32

11-12 | no attachment to sternum

Question 33

layers of the uterus are

Answer 33

perimetrium myometrium endometrium

Question 34

what does anteverted mean

Answer 34

cervix tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina

Question 35

what does antiflexed mean

Answer 35

uterus tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix

Question 36

where are the ovaries located? where did they develop

Answer 36

laterally in the pelvic cavity Develop on the posterior abdominal wall and move onto the lateral wall of the pelvis.

Question 37

what hormones do ovaries secrete

Answer 37

Secrete oestrogen and progesterone in response to pituitary hormones

Question 38

what arteries supply the female pelvis

Answer 38

internal iliac artery ovarian artery uterine artery vaginal artery

Question 39

ovum develops in the ____ and is it released into the ____ from it

Answer 39

ovary, peritoneal cavity

Question 40

the fallopian tube gathers the ovum with the help of ___ into the ____

Answer 40

fimbria, infundibulum

Question 41

what moves the ovum along the uterine tube

Answer 41

cilia

Question 42

during menstruation, an unfertilised ovum is expelled by contractions of the ________

Answer 42

myometrium

Question 43

fertilization usually occurs in the

Answer 43

ampulla

Question 44

implantation usually occurs in the

Answer 44

body of the uterus

Question 45

what is an ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 45

Fertilised ovum implants outside the uterine cavity: in uterine tube in the abdominal region | danger of: hemmorrahge

Question 46

what is tubectomy in females? | tube ligation

Answer 46

clipping of uterine tubes

Question 47

the anatomical position of the penis is erect true or false

Answer 47

true

Question 48

during development, the testis originates on the

Answer 48

posterior wall of the abdominal cavity

Question 49

sperm produced in ________ tubules and pass through _____,______,_____

Answer 49

seminiferous , rete testis , epididymis, vas deferens

Question 50

dartos is a ____ muscle that helps control ____ in the testis for development of sperm

Answer 50

smooth, temperature | temp 1c below core body temp

Question 51

what does the spermatic cord consist of?

Answer 51

vas deferens testicular artery pampiniform plexus of veins