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MEDICINE YEAR 1 > ANATOMY > Flashcards

ANATOMY Flashcards

1
Q

what are the bones of the neurocranium (6)

A

frontal bone
parietal bone
sphenoid bone
temporal bone
occipital bone
ethmoid bone-cribriform plate-

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2
Q

what are the bones of the viscerocranium (4+4 bonus)

A

nasal bone
zygomatic bone
mandible bone
maxilla bone
lacrimal bone
palatine bone
vomer bone
nasal concha

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3
Q

what is foramen magnum

A

spinal cord exits from it
means big hole

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4
Q

how many vertebral bones

A

33

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5
Q

what are the distributions of the vertebral column?

A

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccygeal

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6
Q

no. of vertebrae in cervical

A

7

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7
Q

no. of vertebrae in thoracic

A

12

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8
Q

no. of vertebrae in lumbar

A

5

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9
Q

no. of vertebrae in sacral

A

5 sacrum

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10
Q

no. of vertebrae in coccygeal

A

4- fuse to form coccyx

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11
Q

different types of joints

A

synovial
cartilaginous
fibrous

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12
Q

types of fibrous joints

A

syndesmoses- unites bones with fibrous sheet
sutures- between bones of skull
fontanelles- wide sutures in neonatal skull

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13
Q

what is moudling?

A

Make’s the baby’s head smaller for passage through the birth canal-allows the growing frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital bones to ‘slide’ over each other

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14
Q

types of cartilaginous joints

A

primary cartilaginous - synchondroses- hyaline
secondary cartilaginous- symphyses- fibrocartilage

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15
Q

what are the 2 components of secondary cartilaginous joints?

A

outer fibrous- annulus fibrosus
inner soft- nucleus pulposus

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16
Q

what is the periosteum?

A

periosteum
- fibrous connective tissue ‘sleeve’
- vascularised

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17
Q

what are the subtypes of the synovial joints?

A

pivot
plane
hinge
bi-axial
ball and socket

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18
Q

what is the order of mobility in joints?

A

synovial>cartilaginous>fibrous

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19
Q

what is subluxation

A

reduced area of contact between articular surfaces

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20
Q

what is dislocation?

A

complete loss of contact between articular surfaces

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21
Q

what is aponeurosis?

A

flattened tendon- flat muscles

22
Q

what are the 2 main relflxes involving skeletal muscles?

A

stretch reflex
flexion withdrawal relfex

reflexes are protective agasint overstretching

23
Q

what is paralysis?

A

a muscle without a functioning motor nerve supply is “paralysed”

muscle would have reduced tone

24
Q

what is spasticity?

A

the muscle has an intact and functioning motor nerve but the descending controls from the brain are not working

the muscle would have increased tone

25
Q

what is muscular atrophy?

A

‘wasting’ of the muscles
muscle fibres (myocytes) become smaller, reducing the muscle’s bulk

-due to inactivity

26
Q

what is muscle hypertrophy?

A

skeletal muscles enlarge
each individual myocyte enlarges

27
Q

what is a facet joint?

A

between articular processes of 2 adjacent vertebrae

28
Q

C1 vertebrae is also known as

A

ATLAS

no body or spinous process

29
Q

C2 vertebrae is also known as

A

AXIS

has ontoid process- surpeiror projection

30
Q

C7 vertebrae is also known as

A

vertebrae prominens

31
Q

false ribs are no.?

A

8-10

attach via coastal cartilage above to sternum

32
Q

floating ribs are no.?

A

11-12

no attachment to sternum

33
Q

layers of the uterus are

A

perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium

34
Q

what does anteverted mean

A

cervix tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina

35
Q

what does antiflexed mean

A

uterus tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix

36
Q

where are the ovaries located? where did they develop

A

laterally in the pelvic cavity

Develop on the posterior abdominal wall and move onto the lateral wall of the pelvis.

37
Q

what hormones do ovaries secrete

A

Secrete oestrogen and progesterone in response to pituitary hormones

38
Q

what arteries supply the female pelvis

A

internal iliac artery
ovarian artery
uterine artery
vaginal artery

39
Q

ovum develops in the ____ and is it released into the ____ from it

A

ovary, peritoneal cavity

40
Q

the fallopian tube gathers the ovum with the help of ___ into the ____

A

fimbria, infundibulum

41
Q

what moves the ovum along the uterine tube

A

cilia

42
Q

during menstruation, an unfertilised ovum is expelled by contractions of the ________

A

myometrium

43
Q

fertilization usually occurs in the

A

ampulla

44
Q

implantation usually occurs in the

A

body of the uterus

45
Q

what is an ectopic pregnancy?

A

Fertilised ovum implants outside the uterine cavity:
in uterine tube
in the abdominal region

danger of: hemmorrahge

46
Q

what is tubectomy in females?

tube ligation

A

clipping of uterine tubes

47
Q

the anatomical position of the penis is erect
true or false

A

true

48
Q

during development, the testis originates on the

A

posterior wall of the abdominal cavity

49
Q

sperm produced in ________ tubules and pass through _____,______,_____

A

seminiferous , rete testis , epididymis, vas deferens

50
Q

dartos is a ____ muscle that helps control ____ in the testis for development of sperm

A

smooth, temperature

temp 1c below core body temp

51
Q

what does the spermatic cord consist of?

A

vas deferens
testicular artery
pampiniform plexus of veins

MEDICINE YEAR 1 (6 decks)

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