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BOTANY > anatomy > Flashcards

anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

growth is restricted to which region

A

meristems

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2
Q

which meristem produce primary tissue

A

apical meristem

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3
Q

cells left behind from shoot apical meristem constitute what

A

axillary bud

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4
Q

axillary buds are capalble of forming

A

branch or flower

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5
Q

meristem +nt b/w mature tissue

A

intercalary

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6
Q

where are intercalary meri. present and what they do

A

present in grasses and regenrate parts eaten by grazing

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7
Q

what are the two primary meristems

A

apical and intercalary

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8
Q

meristem that occur in mature woody regions

A

secondary or lateral

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9
Q

shape of sec/lateral meristems

A

cylindrical

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10
Q

eg of lateral meristems

A

fascicular vascular cambium (lateral but not secondary) ,interfascicular cambium , cork cambium

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11
Q

which meristem produce dermal tissues , ground tissues and vascular tissues

A

specific regions of apical meristem

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12
Q

which meristem makes epidermis

A

protoderm

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13
Q

how many types of cells present in plants

A

4 ( meris. , paren. , collen. , scleren. )

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14
Q

most abundant tissue

A

parenchyma

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15
Q

to which parts do parenchyma gives support / mechanical strength

A

none

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16
Q

parenchyma shape

A

isodiamteric

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17
Q

parenchyma cell wall

A

thin and cellulosic

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18
Q

parenchyma function

A

photosynthesis , storage , secretion

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19
Q

how are parenchyma packed

A

very closely with little or no intercellular space

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20
Q

collenchyma location

A

below epidermis , in young stem or petioles of leaves

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21
Q

how is collenchyma found

A

either in patches or homogenous layer

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22
Q

where and what is deposited in collenchyma

A

cellulose , hemicellulose and pectin is deposited at corner which makes it thick at corner

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23
Q

where is collenchyma absent

A

dicot roots and monocots me totally absent

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24
Q

collenchyma cell wall?

A

thin but thick at corner

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25
Q

intercellular spaces in collenchyma

A

absent

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26
Q

does collenchyma produce food

A

collenchyma may have chloroplast so maybe photosynthetic

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27
Q

sclerenchyma’s which form has thicker cell wall

A

sclerids

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28
Q

sclerenchyma locations

A

woody parts , fruit wall of nuts , guava pear sapota , seed coat of legumes, and tea leaves

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29
Q

fibers ka shape

A

long elongated , pointed , thick walled

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30
Q

sclerids ka shape

A

sph , oval or cyl , thicker wall than fibers

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31
Q

which sclerenchyma occur in groups

A

fibres

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32
Q

which epidermal cell is photosyntetic

A

guard cells of stomata

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33
Q

other name of xylem and phoem

A

xy - hadrome
phl - leptome
(extra info h zaruri nhi h itni)

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34
Q

what are tracheary elements

A

vessels and tracheids

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35
Q

cells of xylem

A

tracheids , vessels m, xy paren , xy fibres

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36
Q

what parts are absent in vascular tissues on gymnosperms but present in angiosperms

A

vessels of xylem , and companion cells and sieve tube of phloem

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37
Q

vessel members are connected by

A

perforations of common walls

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38
Q

which xylem cell maybe septate or aseptate

A

xylem fibres

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39
Q

xylem paren ki walls ke bare me btao

A

thin walled and walls made of cellulose

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40
Q

what is stored in xyl paren.

A

food in form of starch or fat , and substance like tannins

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41
Q

radial conduction of water takes place by

A

ray parenchymatous cells

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42
Q

endarch kya h

A

protoxylem pith ki taraf hoti h , aur ye stems me milta h

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43
Q

exarch kya h

A

protoxylem periphery ki taraf hoti h , aur ye roots me milta h

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44
Q

proto/meta- xylem aur phloem kis kisme present hoti h

A

sabme rehti h monocots dicots har jagah

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45
Q

phloem aur xylem kisko support krte h

A

phloem sirf khudke cells ko support krta h , aur xylem poore plant ko support krte h

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46
Q

which phloem member is absent in monocots

A

phloem parenchyma

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47
Q

what does phloem parenchyma conduct and stores

A

conducts nothing , only stores food and substance like resin latex and mucilage

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48
Q

gymnosperms have what in place of companion cells and sieve tubes

A

sieve cells and albuminous cells

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49
Q

mature sieve tube has ?

A

peripheral cytoplasm , large vacuole but no nucleus

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50
Q

companion cells are what cells

A

parenchymatous cells

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51
Q

sieve tube and comp cells are connected by?

A

pit fields present between common longitudinal walls

52
Q

what do comp cells do

A

maintain pressure gradient in sieve tubes

53
Q

phloem fibres are made of

A

sclerenchyma

54
Q

phloem fibres are absent in

A

primary phloem but present in secondary phloem , so it means all monocots ke andar bhi absent

55
Q

which phloem fibres are used commercially

A

jute , hemp , flax

56
Q

which among protophloem and metaphloem has bigger sieve tubes

A

metaphloem

57
Q

is epidermis a continuous or non continuous layer

A

continuous

58
Q

how many layers in epidermis

A

single layer

59
Q

what cells make epidermis

A

parenchyma cells

60
Q

vacuole size of epidermis

A

large

61
Q

where are subsidiary cells located

A

in vicinity of guard cells

62
Q

how many cells in root hair and trichomes

A

root hair is unicellular
trichomes are multicellular

63
Q

radial vascular bundle present in

A

both mono and dicot roots

64
Q

conjoint closed vascular bundles present in

A

monocot stem , and both mono & dicot leaves

65
Q

conjoint open vascular bundle present in

A

dicot stem

66
Q

outermost layer of dicot root

A

epiblema

67
Q

cortex made of which cells

A

parenchyma

68
Q

endodermis how many layers and shape of cell

A

single layer and barrel shaped cells

69
Q

what layer makes casparin strips impermeable to water

A

suberin layer

70
Q

pericyle which cells and how many layers

A

parenchyma and few layers thick

71
Q

in dicot roots , where does initiation of lateral root and vascular cambium start

A

pericycle

72
Q

how is pith in dicot root

A

inconspicous

73
Q

the parenchyma cells which lie between xylem and phloem in dicot root

A

conjuctive tissue

74
Q

how many vascular bundle in dicot root

A

2-4

75
Q

what layers consist stele

A

all layers inside of endodermis

76
Q

how is pith of monocot root

A

big and conspicous

77
Q

how many vascular bundles in monocot root

A

more than 6 (polyarch)

78
Q

after how many years of fertilization , secondary roots start developing in monocot roots

A

never

79
Q

hypodermis in dicot stem made of

A

collenchyma

80
Q

in dicot stem , cortical layers below hypodermis consist of

A

parenchyma cells

81
Q

cells of endodermis of dicot stem are rich in what and called what

A

rich in starch grains and called starch sheath

82
Q

pericycle in dicot stem made of what and present as

A

made of sclerenchyma and present as semilunar patches

83
Q

what kind of arrangement of vascular bundle is characteristic of dicot stem

A

as a ring

84
Q

how is pith of dicot stem

A

conspicous

85
Q

size of VB in dicot stem

A

equal sized vb

86
Q

monocot stem ki hypodermis made of

A

sclerenchyma

87
Q

VB of monocot stem are surrounded by

A

sclerenchymatous bundle sheath

88
Q

size of VB in monocot stem

A

unequal , bigger in centre , smaller near periphery

89
Q

water containing cavities are present in

A

VB of monocot stem

90
Q

which surface bear more stomata in dicot leaf

A

abaxial (lower surface)

91
Q

how is cuticle of dicot leaf

A

conspicous

92
Q

mesophyll is made of which cells and how many types

A

parenchyma cells
two types pallisade and spongy

93
Q

size of VB in dicot leaf

A

depends on size of vein , biggest in midrib

94
Q

VB in dicot leaf are surrounded by

A

bundle sheath cells

95
Q

which cell of mesophyll in dicot leaf has intercellular spaces

A

spongy parenchyma

96
Q

other name of dicot leaf

A

dorsiventral leaf

97
Q

other name of monocot leaf

A

isobilateral leaf

98
Q

which surface of monocot leaves has more stomata

A

both have same no of stomata

99
Q

mesophyll of monocot leaf differentiated into how many layers

A

it is not differentiated

100
Q

which cells in monocot leaves are responsible for making leaves exposed or curles

A

bulliform cells

101
Q

bulliform cells are modification of what

A

modification of adaxial epidermal cells

102
Q

size of VB in monocot leaves

A

almost same except in main veins

103
Q

vascular cambium is more active on which side

A

towards inner side

104
Q

which remains intact after secondary growth , primary xylem or primary phloem

A

primary xylem

105
Q

sec medullary rays are made of

A

parenchyma

106
Q

what is formed more , sec phloem or sec xylem

A

sec xylem

107
Q

how is spring wood or early wood

A

less density and lighter in color with wider vessels

108
Q

how is autumn wood or late wood

A

more density and dark in color with narrow vessels

109
Q

what deposition makes heartwood dark

A

tannin ,resin, oil ,gum , aromatic susbtance , essestial oils

110
Q

features of heartwood

A

hard durable and resistant to insect and microbial attacks and does not conduct water

111
Q

feature of sap wood

A

conduct water and minerals

112
Q

other name for cork cambium

A

phellogen

113
Q

how many layers in phellogen

A

couple of layers

114
Q

how are cells of phellogen

A

narrow thin walled rectangular cells

115
Q

what deposition makes cork impervious

A

suberin

116
Q

cells of secondary cortex are

A

parenchymatous

117
Q

what contitutes periderm

A

phellogen , phellem(cork) ,phelloderm (sec cortex)

118
Q

bark refers to

A

all layers outer to vascular cambium

119
Q

lenticels are what shaped and formed due to which cells

A

lens shaped and formed due to parencyma cells

120
Q

where does vascular cambium originate in dicot roots

A

below phloem and portion of pericycle just above xylem

121
Q

wood is actually a ?

A

secondary xylem

122
Q

origin of vascular cambium in dicot root is

A

completely secondary

123
Q

interfascicular cambium developes from

A

medullary rays cells

124
Q

in which xylem member , central cavity is found

A

vessel

125
Q

xy parenchyma are made of

A

cellulose only

126
Q

intercalary meristem absent in

A

dicots

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