Anatomy Flashcards
What are the relations of thyroid gland.
Deep relations: 2nd, 3rd, 4th thyroid ring
Superficial relations: Skin, fascia, anterior jugular vein, sternohyoid
At the upper border: anastomosis between 2 superior thyroid arteries
At lower border: inferior thyroid veins
Anterolateral surface: skin, superficial fascia, platysma, sternomastoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid
Posterior surface: Carotid sheath, inferior thyroid artery, parathyroid gland, prevertebral muscles and fascia
Medial surface: Larynx, Pharynx, Trachea, esophagus, reccurent laryngeal in between.
List the anomalies of the development of thyroid gland.
Aplasia or hypoplasia of thyroid gland
Aberrant thyroid gland
Thyroglossal cyst
Thyroglossal fistula
List the contents of the broad ligament.
Uterine tube
ureter
Uterine vessels
Ovarian vessels
Round ligament of uterus
Ovarian ligament
Nerve plexus
Fatty tissue
Name the structures related to the posterior wall of the vagina.
upper 1/4: covere4d by peritoneum of Douglas pouch
Middle 2/4: Anterior wall of the lower 1/3 of rectum
Lower 1/4: Perineal body separating it from anal canal
What are the contents of deep perineal pouch in male
Membranous urethra
cowpers glands on sides
Deep perineal muscles
Internal pudendal artery and its terminal branches
Artery of penis bulb
Dorsal nerve of penis
Give the boundaries of ischiorectal fossa.
Anterior wall: perineal membrane and superficial & transverse deep perineal muscles
Posterior wall: sacrotuberous ligaments
Medial wall: levator ani
Lateral wall: obturator internus and its fascia
Apex: origin of levator ani muscle
Base: skin and fascia of perineum
Mention the developmental anomalies due to failure of fusion of the two paramesonephric.
Uterus didelphys: double uterus, double vagina
Bicornis bicollis: double uterus double vagina
Bicornis unicollis: double uterus, single cervix, single vagina
Arcuate uterus: fundus is depressed
Septate uterus: small septum in between
Name the structures related to the anterior wall of the vagina
upper 1/3 cervix
Middle 1/3: contact with base of bladder
Lower 1/3: directly related to the urethra
Mention the structures related to the base of the urinary bladder.
Separate from rectum by the peritoneum the rectovescial pouch (contains pelvic colon)
Lower part is vas deferens ampulla, two seminal vesicles
List the ligaments of the urinary bladder.
Median umbilical ligament
Medial umbilical ligament
Pubovesical ligament
Lateral ligament
posterior ligament
Describe the prostatic urethra (length, site, characters, and internal features of its posterior wall)
4cm
beneath preporstatic urethra
Widest and most dilatable
Prostatic utricle, ejaculatory duct, prostatic sinus
Mention the attachment and nerve supply of the levator ani
muscle.
Origin: body of pubis, ischial spine, white line
Insertion: perineal body, u shape sling around anus, coccyx
Nerve: inferior rectal, S4
List the contents of the superficial perineal pouch in female.
Root of clitorus
Superficial perineal muscle
Artery of bulb
Perineal A
Post labial N
Internal pudendal A
Dorsal N of clitorus
Vestibular gland
Vagina
What are the contents of deep perineal pouch in female
Urethra
Vagina
Deep perineal muscle
Internal pudendal A
Artery of bulb
Dorsal N of clitorus
Enumerate the contents Ischiorectal fossa.
Semi-liquid fat
Inferior rectal nerve and vessels
Posterior scrotal nerve
Perineal artery
S4 nerve
Enumerate blood supply of thyroid gland
Superior thyroid: apex and upper
Inferior thyroid: lower 2/3 of thyroid
Thyroidea ima artery: isthmus of gland
Enumerate supply of prostate
Inferior vesical artery
Internal pudendal artery
Middle rectal artery
Internal iliac artery beginning, course and end
Beg: In front of the sacroiliac joint
Course: passes downwards and backwards along the posterior part of the lateral wall of the pelvis
Ends: It ends opposite the upper margin of the greater sciatic foramen by dividing into anterior and posterior divisions
Enumerate the branches of the internal illiac artery
Illiolumbar artery
sacral artery
Superior gluteal
Obturator artery
Internal pudendal artery
Umbilical artery
Superior vesical artery
Middle rectal artery
Inferior vesical artery
Uterine artery
Enumerate openings in seminal colliculus
Prostatic utricle
Ejaculatory duct op
Prostatic sinus
Relations of the uterus
Anterior: Body of uterus, cervix
Posteriorly: body and cervix
On sides: entrance of uterine tube, round ligament, broad ligament, uterine artery
Enumerate ligaments of the cervix
Cardinal ligaments
Uterosacral ligaments
Pubocervical ligaments
Enumerate the ligaments attached to the body of the uterus
Round ligament of the uterus
Ligament of the ovary
Broad ligament
Enumerate the parts of broad ligament
Mesosalpinx
Mesovarium
Mesometrium
Suspensory ligament of ovary
Give the origin, course, end and branches
Origin: internal iliac artery
Course: runs medially root of the broad ligament. Then it crosses the ureter. Reaches cervix at level of the internal os. The uterine artery turns up lateral margin of uterus in a highly tortuous manner.
End: ends near ovarian hilum
Branches: uterus, cervix, uterine tube, vagina
Enumerate the factors maintianing the position of the uterus
3 ligament of cervix
Levator ani
perineal body
Deep perineal muscles
Round ligament of uterus
Give the relations of the anal canal
Anterior: perineal body, membranous urethra, bulb of penis
F: perineal body, lower part of vagina, Douglas
Posteriorly: anococcygeal body, sacral body
Laterally: ischiorectal fossa
Enumerate the external anal sphincter
Subcutaneous part
Superficial part
Deep part
Enumerate structures felt in prerectal exam in male and female
Male: external anal sphincter, bulb of penis, prostate, seminal vesicals, vas differens, urinary bladder base
Female: external anal sphincter, cervix and back of vagina
Give the beg, course, end of internal pudendal artery
Beg: IIA
Course: leave pelvis the greater sciatic foramen to reach gluteal region. It crosses between pudendal nerve and obturator internus nerve to pass lesser sciatic to reach ischiorectal fossa.
End: @ symphysis pubis
Enumerate internal pudendal artery
Artery of bulb
Inferior rectal artery
Perineal artery
Urethral artery
Give the relations of the ureter
Medially: covered by peritoneum
Laterally: descends and crosses the external iliac artery obturator nerve, obturator artery
