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Digestivo > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal esophagus definition

A

Little portion coming out from the hiatus in the diaphragm

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2
Q

Venous drainage of abdominal esophagus

A

Left gastric vein
Phrenic veins

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3
Q

Arterial supply for abdominal esophagus

A

L gastric artery (celiac trunk)
L inferior phrenic arteries (abdominal aorta)

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4
Q

Stomach portions

A

Cardiac (has lower esophageal sphincter)
Fundus
Body
Pylorus (antrum - canal - sphincter)

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5
Q

Arterial supply for stomach

A

L gastric artery (celiac truck)

R gastric artery (common hepatic artery)
R gastro-omental artery (gastroduodenal branch from common hepatic art)

Short gastric arteries (splenic artery)
L gastric-omental artery (splenic artery)

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6
Q

Venous drainage of the stomach

A

L and R gastric veins —> portal vein
L gastro-omental vein + short gastric veins—> splenic vein
R gastro-omental vein —> sup mesenteric vein

(Portal vein = splenic vein + sup mesenteric vein)

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7
Q

PS innervation stomach + liver

A

Vagus nerve (synapse in microganglia in the walls)

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8
Q

S innervation stomach + liver

A

Greater (T5-T9) + lesser splanchnic nerves (T10-T12) (synapse in celiac ganglion)

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9
Q

Liver ligaments

A

Teres/round ligament
Falciform ligament
Coronary ligaments
R triangular ligament and L triangular ligament

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10
Q

Area of the liver without ligaments

A

Bare area of the liver (R lobe)

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11
Q

Hepatic pedicle elements

A

Portal vein
Proper hepatic artery
Bile duct

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12
Q

Elements on the visceral face of the liver

A

Gallbladder
Caudate lobe + quadrate lobe (both in R lobe)
Impressions (colic, renal, gastric, esophageal)
Ligamentum venosum

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13
Q

Blood supply to the liver

A

Portal vein (70%)
Proper hepatic artery (30%)
Cystic artery (R hepatic art) for the gallbladder

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14
Q

Enterohepatic circulation

A

Portal system drains midgut and hindgut derivatives

Portal vein drains foregut derivatives —> branches: 3 suprahepatic veins (R, middle, L hepatic veins) drain into IVC after blood metabolism in the liver

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15
Q

Portosystemic anastomoses definition

A

Collateral veins to portal vein that the blood looks for when vascular resistance increases (ej: in cirrhosis)

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16
Q

Portosystemic anastomoses

A

Esophageal veins (—> azygos system)

Rectum (1º 2/3 —> inf mesenteric vein / last 1/3 into middle + inf rectal veins —> iliac veins —> IVC)

Umbilicus (—> paraumbilical veins)

Colon

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17
Q

Bile duct system formation

A

R+L hepatic ducts = common hepatic duct —> cystic duct —> bile duct

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18
Q

Bile duct system connection with duodenum

A

Common bile duct enter 2nd portion of duodenum (papilla)

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19
Q

Duodenum - origin, perit./retroperit.

A

1º portion: foregut
2º3º,4º portion: midgut

1º,4º portions: intraperitoneal
2,3º portions: retroperitoneal

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20
Q

Arterial supply duodenum

A

Supraduodenal artery (celiac trunk)
Sup pancreaticoduodenal arteries (celiac trunk)
Inf pancreaticoduodenal arteries (sup mesent art)

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21
Q

Pancreas important relationship at the level of uncinate process

A

Mesenteric vessels passing ant to the head of the pancreas and to the 3rd part of the duodenum.

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22
Q

Pancreas structures

A

Main pancreatic duct (—> major duodenal papilla, odds sphincter)
Accessory pancreatic duct

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23
Q

Arterial supply to pancreas

A

Dorsal pancreatic branch (splenic branch —> celiac trunk)
Greater pancreatic artery (splenic branch —> celiac trunk)
Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (celiac trunk)
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (sup mesent art)

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24
Q

Venous drainage to pancreas

A

Splenic vein
Pancreaticoduodenal vein

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25
Spleen origin
Dorsal mesogastrium
26
Spleen ligaments
Gastrosplenic ligament Splenorenal ligament
27
Spleen surfaces
Parietal or costal surface Visceral surface —> contact with stomach, colon (splenic flexure), left kidney
28
Arterial supply to spleen
Splenic artery (celiac trunk)
29
Venous drainage of spleen
Splenic vein
30
S innervation duodenum, pancreas and spleen
Greater thoracic splanchnic nerve (T5-T9) (synapses + exits from celiac ganglion)
31
PS innervation of duodenum, pancreas and spleen
Vagus nerve
32
S innervation foregut derivatives - NERVES
Thoracic splanchnic nerves
33
S innervation foregut derivatives - PATHWAY
Lat horn - white communicating ramus - S trunk - ganglia ant to abdominal aorta (synapsis) - postganglionic fibers together with arteries - viscera
34
PS innervation foregut derivatives - NERVES
Vagus nerve
35
PS innervation foregut derivatives - PATHWAY
1º neurons in the medulla (CNS) - vagus nerve - wall of the viscera -synapse at microganglia - short postganglionic neurons.
36
Visceral afferents foregut derivatives
Pain info -> splanchnic (S) nerves. (neuron bodies in the dorsal root ganglia of spinal nerves) Distension -> PS fibres. (neuron bodies in ganglia from the vagus nerve, in brainstem, and then enter the NTS)
37
Intraperitoneal viscera
Stomach Sup part of the duodenum Jejuenum Ileum Cecum Verniform appendix Transv + sigm colon Liver Spleen
38
Primary retroperitoneal viscera
Kidneys Suprarrenal glands Ureters
39
Secondary retroperitoneal viscera
Pancreas Desc + horizontal parts of the duodenum Asc + desc colon
40
Foregut derivatives
Abdominal esophagus Stomach 1º, 2º portions of duodenum Pancreas Liver Spleen*
41
Midgut derivatives
3º,4º portions of duodenum Jejunum Ileum Cecum, appendix Asc colon Up to 2/3 transv colon
42
Hindgut derivatives
Remaining 1/3 transv colon Desc colon Sigmoid colon Only sup part of the rectum
43
Parietal branches of abdominal aorta
Inferior phrenic arteries Lumbar Common iliac artery Median sacral artery (L5)
44
Visceral branches of aorta
Celiac trunk Superior mesenteric artery Renal arteries (L1) Gonadal arteries
45
1º hepatic effect of the portal system
Oral drugs = metabolized by liver Rectal-administered drugs = not metabolized by liver (inferior rectal veins)
46
Diaphragm location
Inferior thoracic aperture
47
Diaphragm anatomy
Tendinous portion from septum transversum 3 hiatus: IVC (T8), esophagus (T10), aortic (t12)
48
Structures in the diaphragm
Phrenic nerve Azygos, hemiazygos —> lumbar veins Inferior phrenic arteries
49
Small intestine anatomy
Jejunum and ileum
50
Small intestine arteries
Jejunal artery + ilial artery (superior mesenteric art)
51
Jejunal irrigation
Arcade: 1 Vasa recta: long Lymph nodes: solitary
52
Ilial irrigation
Arcade: 2 Vasa recta: long Lymph nodes: solitary + aggregated
53
PS innervation small intestine
Vagus nerve
54
S innervation small intestine
Greater (T5-T9) and lesser (T10-T12) thoracic splanchnic nerves
55
Large intestine differences with small intestine
Omental appendices Taeniae coli Haustras
56
Large intestine structures
Iliocecal fold Iliocecal valve Appendix
57
Large intestine relations
Hepatic / R colic flexure Splenic / L colic flexure
58
Large intestine arteries
Iliocecal artery (sup mesenteric artery) R colic artery (sup mesenteric artery) Middle colic artery (sup mesenteric artery) Left colic artery (inf mesenteric artery) Sigmoid arteries (inf mesenteric artery) Superior rectal artery (inf mesenteric artery) (Middle + left anastomose)
59
PS innervation of the large intestine
Vagus nerve Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)
60
S innervation of the large intestine
Greater thoracic splanchnic nerves (T5-9) (sinapsis in sup mesenteric ganglia) Lesser thoracic splanchnic nerves (T10-12) (sinapsis in sup mesent ganglia) Lumbar splanchnic nerves (L3-4) (sinapsis in inf mesent ganglia)
61
Enteric nervous system - DEF, INPUTS, LOCATION, PLEXUSES, FUNCTION
Local nervous system only in GI tract Input: S + PS fivers Location: GI tract walls Plexuses: Myenteric (Auerbach) + submucosal (Meissner) —> controlled by ANS Functions: peristalsis, gastric secretions, GI blood flow…
62
Rectum - peritoneum in males
Covers bladder + ant part of the colon
63
Pouches in males
Rectovesical
64
Rectum - Peritoneum in females
Covers bladder + part of the colon + uterus
65
Pouches in females
Rectouterine pouch (Douglas’) Vesicouterine pouch
66
Anal canal is separated from rectum by
Pectinate line
67
Sphincters in anal canal
Internal - involuntary - ANS External - voluntary - Pudendal nerve
68
Rectum arteries
Superior rectal artery (inf mesenteric artery) Middle rectal artery (internal iliac artery) Inferior rectal artery (internal iliac artery)
69
Rectum veins
Portosystemic junction Middle + inf rectal veins drain directly into caval system
70
Somatic innervation of the rectum
Pudendal nerve (from ant/vent horn S3-4)
71
PS innervation of rectum
Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-4)
72
S innervation of the rectum
Sacral splanchnic nerves (L2) (Incorporate to inf hypogastric plexus and exit through foramina at the level they innervate)

Digestivo (4 decks)

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