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Digestivo > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal esophagus definition

A

Little portion coming out from the hiatus in the diaphragm

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2
Q

Venous drainage of abdominal esophagus

A

Left gastric vein
Phrenic veins

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3
Q

Arterial supply for abdominal esophagus

A

L gastric artery (celiac trunk)
L inferior phrenic arteries (abdominal aorta)

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4
Q

Stomach portions

A

Cardiac (has lower esophageal sphincter)
Fundus
Body
Pylorus (antrum - canal - sphincter)

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5
Q

Arterial supply for stomach

A

L gastric artery (celiac truck)

R gastric artery (common hepatic artery)
R gastro-omental artery (gastroduodenal branch from common hepatic art)

Short gastric arteries (splenic artery)
L gastric-omental artery (splenic artery)

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6
Q

Venous drainage of the stomach

A

L and R gastric veins —> portal vein
L gastro-omental vein + short gastric veins—> splenic vein
R gastro-omental vein —> sup mesenteric vein

(Portal vein = splenic vein + sup mesenteric vein)

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7
Q

PS innervation stomach + liver

A

Vagus nerve (synapse in microganglia in the walls)

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8
Q

S innervation stomach + liver

A

Greater (T5-T9) + lesser splanchnic nerves (T10-T12) (synapse in celiac ganglion)

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9
Q

Liver ligaments

A

Teres/round ligament
Falciform ligament
Coronary ligaments
R triangular ligament and L triangular ligament

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10
Q

Area of the liver without ligaments

A

Bare area of the liver (R lobe)

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11
Q

Hepatic pedicle elements

A

Portal vein
Proper hepatic artery
Bile duct

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12
Q

Elements on the visceral face of the liver

A

Gallbladder
Caudate lobe + quadrate lobe (both in R lobe)
Impressions (colic, renal, gastric, esophageal)
Ligamentum venosum

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13
Q

Blood supply to the liver

A

Portal vein (70%)
Proper hepatic artery (30%)
Cystic artery (R hepatic art) for the gallbladder

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14
Q

Enterohepatic circulation

A

Portal system drains midgut and hindgut derivatives

Portal vein drains foregut derivatives —> branches: 3 suprahepatic veins (R, middle, L hepatic veins) drain into IVC after blood metabolism in the liver

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15
Q

Portosystemic anastomoses definition

A

Collateral veins to portal vein that the blood looks for when vascular resistance increases (ej: in cirrhosis)

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16
Q

Portosystemic anastomoses

A

Esophageal veins (—> azygos system)

Rectum (1º 2/3 —> inf mesenteric vein / last 1/3 into middle + inf rectal veins —> iliac veins —> IVC)

Umbilicus (—> paraumbilical veins)

Colon

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17
Q

Bile duct system formation

A

R+L hepatic ducts = common hepatic duct —> cystic duct —> bile duct

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18
Q

Bile duct system connection with duodenum

A

Common bile duct enter 2nd portion of duodenum (papilla)

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19
Q

Duodenum - origin, perit./retroperit.

A

1º portion: foregut
2º3º,4º portion: midgut

1º,4º portions: intraperitoneal
2,3º portions: retroperitoneal

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20
Q

Arterial supply duodenum

A

Supraduodenal artery (celiac trunk)
Sup pancreaticoduodenal arteries (celiac trunk)
Inf pancreaticoduodenal arteries (sup mesent art)

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21
Q

Pancreas important relationship at the level of uncinate process

A

Mesenteric vessels passing ant to the head of the pancreas and to the 3rd part of the duodenum.

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22
Q

Pancreas structures

A

Main pancreatic duct (—> major duodenal papilla, odds sphincter)
Accessory pancreatic duct

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23
Q

Arterial supply to pancreas

A

Dorsal pancreatic branch (splenic branch —> celiac trunk)
Greater pancreatic artery (splenic branch —> celiac trunk)
Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (celiac trunk)
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (sup mesent art)

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24
Q

Venous drainage to pancreas

A

Splenic vein
Pancreaticoduodenal vein

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25
Q

Spleen origin

A

Dorsal mesogastrium

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26
Q

Spleen ligaments

A

Gastrosplenic ligament
Splenorenal ligament

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27
Q

Spleen surfaces

A

Parietal or costal surface
Visceral surface —> contact with stomach, colon (splenic flexure), left kidney

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28
Q

Arterial supply to spleen

A

Splenic artery (celiac trunk)

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29
Q

Venous drainage of spleen

A

Splenic vein

30
Q

S innervation duodenum, pancreas and spleen

A

Greater thoracic splanchnic nerve (T5-T9) (synapses + exits from celiac ganglion)

31
Q

PS innervation of duodenum, pancreas and spleen

A

Vagus nerve

32
Q

S innervation foregut derivatives - NERVES

A

Thoracic splanchnic nerves

33
Q

S innervation foregut derivatives - PATHWAY

A

Lat horn - white communicating ramus - S trunk - ganglia ant to abdominal aorta (synapsis) - postganglionic fibers together with arteries - viscera

34
Q

PS innervation foregut derivatives - NERVES

A

Vagus nerve

35
Q

PS innervation foregut derivatives - PATHWAY

A

1º neurons in the medulla (CNS) - vagus nerve - wall of the viscera -synapse at microganglia - short postganglionic neurons.

36
Q

Visceral afferents foregut derivatives

A

Pain info -> splanchnic (S) nerves.
(neuron bodies in the dorsal root ganglia of spinal nerves)

Distension -> PS fibres.
(neuron bodies in ganglia from the vagus nerve, in brainstem, and then enter the NTS)

37
Q

Intraperitoneal viscera

A

Stomach
Sup part of the duodenum
Jejuenum
Ileum
Cecum
Verniform appendix
Transv + sigm colon
Liver
Spleen

38
Q

Primary retroperitoneal viscera

A

Kidneys
Suprarrenal glands
Ureters

39
Q

Secondary retroperitoneal viscera

A

Pancreas
Desc + horizontal parts of the duodenum
Asc + desc colon

40
Q

Foregut derivatives

A

Abdominal esophagus
Stomach
1º, 2º portions of duodenum
Pancreas
Liver
Spleen*

41
Q

Midgut derivatives

A

3º,4º portions of duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Cecum, appendix
Asc colon
Up to 2/3 transv colon

42
Q

Hindgut derivatives

A

Remaining 1/3 transv colon
Desc colon
Sigmoid colon
Only sup part of the rectum

43
Q

Parietal branches of abdominal aorta

A

Inferior phrenic arteries
Lumbar
Common iliac artery
Median sacral artery (L5)

44
Q

Visceral branches of aorta

A

Celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery
Renal arteries (L1)
Gonadal arteries

45
Q

1º hepatic effect of the portal system

A

Oral drugs = metabolized by liver
Rectal-administered drugs = not metabolized by liver (inferior rectal veins)

46
Q

Diaphragm location

A

Inferior thoracic aperture

47
Q

Diaphragm anatomy

A

Tendinous portion from septum transversum

3 hiatus: IVC (T8), esophagus (T10), aortic (t12)

48
Q

Structures in the diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve
Azygos, hemiazygos —> lumbar veins
Inferior phrenic arteries

49
Q

Small intestine anatomy

A

Jejunum and ileum

50
Q

Small intestine arteries

A

Jejunal artery + ilial artery (superior mesenteric art)

51
Q

Jejunal irrigation

A

Arcade: 1
Vasa recta: long
Lymph nodes: solitary

52
Q

Ilial irrigation

A

Arcade: 2
Vasa recta: long
Lymph nodes: solitary + aggregated

53
Q

PS innervation small intestine

A

Vagus nerve

54
Q

S innervation small intestine

A

Greater (T5-T9) and lesser (T10-T12) thoracic splanchnic nerves

55
Q

Large intestine differences with small intestine

A

Omental appendices
Taeniae coli
Haustras

56
Q

Large intestine structures

A

Iliocecal fold
Iliocecal valve
Appendix

57
Q

Large intestine relations

A

Hepatic / R colic flexure
Splenic / L colic flexure

58
Q

Large intestine arteries

A

Iliocecal artery (sup mesenteric artery)
R colic artery (sup mesenteric artery)
Middle colic artery (sup mesenteric artery)
Left colic artery (inf mesenteric artery)
Sigmoid arteries (inf mesenteric artery)
Superior rectal artery (inf mesenteric artery)

(Middle + left anastomose)

59
Q

PS innervation of the large intestine

A

Vagus nerve
Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)

60
Q

S innervation of the large intestine

A

Greater thoracic splanchnic nerves (T5-9) (sinapsis in sup mesenteric ganglia)
Lesser thoracic splanchnic nerves (T10-12) (sinapsis in sup mesent ganglia)
Lumbar splanchnic nerves (L3-4) (sinapsis in inf mesent ganglia)

61
Q

Enteric nervous system - DEF, INPUTS, LOCATION, PLEXUSES, FUNCTION

A

Local nervous system only in GI tract

Input: S + PS fivers

Location: GI tract walls

Plexuses: Myenteric (Auerbach) + submucosal (Meissner) —> controlled by ANS

Functions: peristalsis, gastric secretions, GI blood flow…

62
Q

Rectum - peritoneum in males

A

Covers bladder + ant part of the colon

63
Q

Pouches in males

A

Rectovesical

64
Q

Rectum - Peritoneum in females

A

Covers bladder + part of the colon + uterus

65
Q

Pouches in females

A

Rectouterine pouch (Douglas’)
Vesicouterine pouch

66
Q

Anal canal is separated from rectum by

A

Pectinate line

67
Q

Sphincters in anal canal

A

Internal - involuntary - ANS
External - voluntary - Pudendal nerve

68
Q

Rectum arteries

A

Superior rectal artery (inf mesenteric artery)
Middle rectal artery (internal iliac artery)
Inferior rectal artery (internal iliac artery)

69
Q

Rectum veins

A

Portosystemic junction
Middle + inf rectal veins drain directly into caval system

70
Q

Somatic innervation of the rectum

A

Pudendal nerve (from ant/vent horn S3-4)

71
Q

PS innervation of rectum

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-4)

72
Q

S innervation of the rectum

A

Sacral splanchnic nerves (L2)

(Incorporate to inf hypogastric plexus and exit through foramina at the level they innervate)

Digestivo (4 decks)

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