Anatomy Flashcards
Axial skeleton (80 bones)
Skull (cranial & facial bones)- 29
Vertebral column - 26
Thorax (ribs & sternum) - 25
Appendicular skeleton (126 bones)
Pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle) & upper limbs - 64
Pelvic girdle (hip girdle) & lower limbs - 62
Composition of bone
Bone tissue, periosteum, endosperm, articular cartilage, blood vessels and nerves
Periosteum
Fibrous outer & osteogenic underneath layer.
Not on articular cartilage.
Marrow cavity
Holds red/yellow bone marrow, has endosteum lining
Articular cartilage
Covers articular ends of a bone
Red bone marrow
In flat, irregular bones & ends of adult femur, humerus.
Hematopoietic
Yellow bone marrow
Fat tissue. May differentiate to red bone marrow upon stress.
Hard connective tissue in bones comprises of?
Cells:
- Osteocytes
- Osteoclasts
- Osteoblasts
Minerialised matrix:
- (Organic) protein fibres & other materials
- (Inorganic) hydroxyapatite (specialized crystals, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) & CaCO3, Mg2+, Na+, K+, F-, SO42-, CO32-, OH-
Where is compact bone found?
Outer layers of bones and shafts of long bones
What are osteons?
Structural unit of compact bone
What are the 3 types of cartilages?
Elastic
Fibrocartilage
Hyaline cartilage
Skeletal muscle: Origin
Muscle attachment that remains stationary while muscle contracts
Skeletal muscle: Insertion
Muscle attachment that moves while muscle contracts
Skeletal muscle: Agonist
Muscle(s) responsible for producing a particular movement
