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anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The inferior vena cava orifice is in the wall of the

A

right atrium of the heart

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2
Q

Which of the following internal organs is located in the retroperitoneal area of the abdomen?

A

kidney

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3
Q

A sphincter is:

A

a muscle which surrounds body orifice for the purpose of opening and closing that orifice

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4
Q

Which of the following is an unpaired visceral branch of the abdominal aorta?

A

celiac trunk or axis

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5
Q

The subclavian vein arises as the continuation of the:

A

axillary vein

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6
Q

While at rest or even sleeping, about __________ percent of each systemic stroke volume from the left ventricle goes to the kidneys for filtration.

A

20

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7
Q

The study of the vascular system:

A

angiology

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8
Q

Which of the following is a paired bone of the cranium? The:

A

temporal

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9
Q

The number of pairs of spinal nerves is

A

thirty-one

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10
Q

Put these layers found in the wall of the stomach in proper order from inside to out:

1 - muscularis

2 - serosa

3 - submucosa

4 - mucosa

A

4 - mucosa

3 - submucosa

1 - muscularis

2 - serosa

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11
Q

A term that suggests some relationship to the internal body organs is:

A

visceral

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12
Q

The act of moving the arm laterally away from the mid-line of the body?

A

abduction

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13
Q

The study of the veins of the body is:

A

phlebology

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14
Q

The artery that is transmitted through the adductor canal is the:

A

femoral artery

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15
Q

The study of bones is:

A

osteology

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16
Q

Which of the following is NOT descriptive of thrombocytes?

A

they carry hemoglobin to and from the body cells

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17
Q

In relation to the lungs, the heart lies:

A

medial

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18
Q

Pulmonary circulation terminates in the:

A

left atrium

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19
Q

The papillary muscles are found in the make-up of the

A

heart

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20
Q

Which of the following is located on the medial aspect of the thigh?

A

Adductor longus muscle

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21
Q

The relatively movable point of attachment of a muscle is termed the

A

insertion

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22
Q

Which of the following groups of bones is located in the wrist of the hand in a human body?

A

Carpals

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23
Q

The formed elements of the blood are also called

A

cells

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24
Q

Where is the soleus muscle located?

A

on the posterior aspect of the lower leg

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25
Q

The portion of the skull that encloses the brain:

A

cranium

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26
Q

Blood leaving the right ventricle, during the contraction phase of that ventricle, passes through the?

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

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27
Q

A blood vessel closely associated with the right atrium of the heart:

A

inferior vena cava

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28
Q

Which of these is NOT a branch of the aorta?

A

right subclavian artery

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29
Q

Systemic circulation always ends in a/n:

A

atrium

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30
Q

An artery closely associated with the inguinal ligament:

A

external iliac artery

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31
Q

Approximately what percent of the total volume of blood consists of blood cells (formed elements)?

A

45%

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32
Q

Which of these is a muscle of the neck?

A

Platysma

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33
Q

Which of the following structures is NOT involved in systemic circulation?

A

left atrium

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34
Q

Which of these is a bone of the face?

A

Vomer

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35
Q

Because the heart moves as it beats, the pericardium is, of necessity, what type of membrane?

A

serous

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36
Q

In anatomical study, the direction toward the front of the body is referred to as:

A

anterior

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37
Q

A group of organs acting together to perform a common function is

A

a system

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38
Q

The portal system is considered to terminate in the:

A

liver

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39
Q

The quality of the blood found in the chambers on the left side of the heart is always?

A

oxygen rich

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40
Q

What blood vessel is formed by the union of the right and left vertebral arteries?

A

Basilar artery

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41
Q

Which of the following structures are boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

1 - Sartorius muscle

2 - adductor longus muscle
3 - inguinal ligament

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42
Q

The imaginary vertical plane that cuts through a cadaver, from side to side, at right angles to the mid-sagittal plane, is referred to as the:

A

coronal (or frontal) plane

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43
Q

The two lower chambers of the heart are called?

A

ventricles

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44
Q

Each of the following arteries is paired EXCEPT:

A

basilar artery

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45
Q

The connective tissue structure which attaches muscle to bone is a

A

tendon

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46
Q

The auditory ossicles are contained within the:

A

temporal bone

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47
Q

The heart chamber in which the pulmonary circulation terminates is the

A

left atrium

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48
Q

The artery of the Circle of Willis that transports blood from the internal carotid artery to the posterior cerebral artery is the:

A

posterior communicating artery

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49
Q

A bone that is NOT a cranial bone is the:

A

vomer bone

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50
Q

How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

A

126 bones

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51
Q

The left ventricle:

A

2 - pumps oxygenated blood to body tissues.

3 - receives blood from left atrium though bicuspid valve.

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52
Q

The retromandibular vein is a vein of the:

A

face

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53
Q

What is the main function of an erythrocyte?

A

to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide

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54
Q

The internal carotid artery is the main blood supply to the:

A

brain

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55
Q

What kind of gland is the pancreas?

A

heterocrine gland

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56
Q

A temporarily unossified part of a cranial suture of an infant is called a/n:

A

fontanel

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57
Q

Of the following arteries, the one involved in the make-up of the Circle of Willis is the:

A

anterior cerebral artery

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58
Q

Blood is classified as which type of elementary tissue:

A

connective tissue

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59
Q

Circulation beginning in the left ventricle goes directly to the ___ circulation.

A

systemic

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60
Q

The two slender tubes which convey urine, one from kidney to the urinary bladder is the?

A

ureter

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61
Q

The upper chambers of the heart are called:

A

atria

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62
Q

The ascending aorta has ___ branches which supply the coronary arteries.

A

two branches

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63
Q

The arteries of the body

A

convey blood in a general direction away from the chambers of the heart

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64
Q

The small saphenous vein is a tributary to the

A

popliteal vein

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65
Q

A body part which lies closest to the point of attachment of an extremity is said to be?

A

proximal

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66
Q

Because of their crescent moon-shaped cusps, the pulmonary and aortic valves are referred as?

A

semilunar valves

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67
Q

A dead human body used for anatomical study is referred to as a:

A

cadaver

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68
Q

When blood leaves the left atrium, it passes through the ___________________ into the left ventricle.

A

bicuspid (mitral) valve

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69
Q

A term that refers to the trunk of the body:

A

torso

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70
Q

The companion vein (running concomitantly with) of the common carotid artery is the?

Q

A

internal jugular vein

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71
Q

Refers to the ventricular relaxation phase; the phase when the lower chambers are filling- of the cardiac cycle.

A

diastole

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72
Q

The myocardium of the heart is composed of what elementary tissue?

A

Muscle

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73
Q

Which of the following blood vessels are branches of the arch of the aorta?

I- Right common carotid artery

2 - Left common carotid artery

3 - Left subclavian artery

4- Brachiocephalic artery

A

2 - Left common carotid artery

3 - Left subclavian artery

4- Brachiocephalic artery

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74
Q

The pH of normal blood is:

A

slightly alkaline

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75
Q

Which of the following veins arises from the dorsal venous network of the foot?

A

great saphenous vein

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76
Q

The liver produces:

A

bile

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77
Q

Blood returning from systemic circulation returns to the?

A

right atrium

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78
Q

The liver receives its blood supply from which of the following?

A

celiac trunk artery

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79
Q

A bone of the lower extremity is the

A

fibula

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80
Q

At the beginning of systemic circulation, blood leaves the heart from this chamber?

A

left ventricle

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81
Q

The pulmonary veins convey highly oxygenated blood into the

A

left atrium

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82
Q

The act of decreasing the angle between long bones is

A

flexion

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83
Q

The renal veins are tributaries to the

A

inferior vena cava

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84
Q

A pair of veins that drain blood from the legs are the?

A

great & small saphenous veins

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85
Q

The pulse is usually taken at the:

A

radial artery

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86
Q

The study of muscles is

A

myology

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87
Q

The heart chamber in which systemic circulation originates is the

A

left ventricle

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88
Q

Which of the following is a type of circulation originating at the heart?

A

systemic and pulmonary

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89
Q

Which of the following is NOT a part of the cerebral arterial circle?

A

external carotid artery

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90
Q

The average volume of blood in an adult human body is:

A

3 - 5 liters

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91
Q

The outer layer of the wall of the heart is the

A

epicardium

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92
Q

The arachnoid is a

A

division of the meninges

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93
Q

The space between the lungs which houses the heart and larger blood vessels is the:

A

mediastinum

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94
Q

The middle section of the small intestine is the

A

jejunum

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95
Q

When a red blood cell passes through the aortic semilunar valve, it will find itself first in the:

A

ascending aorta

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96
Q

Red blood cells are called:

A

erythrocytes

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97
Q

Veins originate all over the body as continuations of:

A

capillaries

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98
Q

The dura mater is a division of the

A

meninges

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99
Q

The middle section of the pharynx is the:

A

oropharynx

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100
Q

Because they are located between an atrium and ventricle. the bicuspid and tricuspid valves are referred to as?

A

atrioventricular valves or AV valves

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101
Q

An imaginary plane that cuts through the body horizontally, is called a:

A

transverse plane

102
Q

The coronary sinus orifice is in which chamber of the heart?

A

right atrium

103
Q

The most superior vertebra of the spinal column is the

A

atlas

104
Q

The parotid glands secrete

A

saliva

105
Q

Blood exits from the left ventricle of the heart through the:

A

aorta

106
Q

Which chamber of the heart contains the papillary muscles and chordae tendinae associated with the tricuspid valve?

A

Right ventricle

107
Q

Which chamber of the heart contains the papillary muscles and chordae tendinae associated with the tricuspid valve?

A

Right ventricle

107
Q

Which chamber of the heart contains the papillary muscles and chordae tendinae associated with the tricuspid valve?

A

Right ventricle

108
Q

The right ventricle:

A

1 - pumps de-oxygenated blood to lungs

4 - receives blood from right atrium through tricuspid valve.

109
Q

Refers to the ventricular contraction phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

systole

110
Q

The inner layer of the pericardium is often referred to as the ________________ especially on the dissected heart.

A

serous layer

111
Q

The inverted funnel-like organ just posterior to the oral and nasal cavities is the

A

pharynx

112
Q

A body part which lies closest to the mid-sagittal plane is said to be

A

medial

113
Q

How many pairs of ribs are in the human skeleton?

A

12

114
Q

Where cardiac excitation begins:

A

sinoatrial (SA) node

115
Q

Pulmonary circulation terminates with:

A

oxygenated blood

116
Q

The study of the heart and the diseases associated with it:

A

cardiology

117
Q

What blood vessel begins at the opening of the adductor magnus muscle?

A

popliteal artery

118
Q

Which of the following is a part of the larynx?

A

Thyroid cartilage

119
Q

What muscle action cause a body part to move toward the medial plane?

A

adduction

120
Q

Which of the following terms is NOT associated with erythrocytes:

A

phagocytosis

121
Q

In which of the following areas does cerebrospinal fluid flow around the brain?

A

in the subarachnoid space

122
Q

An oval depression in the wall of the interatrial septum, a remnant of fetal circulation?

A

fossa ovalis

123
Q

When going from the ventral body cavity to the dorsal body cavity, one is going in a ____________ direction?

A

posterior

124
Q

Circulation beginning in the right ventricle is the:

A

pulmonary circulation

125
Q

Upon inhalation air leaving the larynx next passes through the

A

trachea

126
Q

The basilic vein terminates, along with the brachial vein, at the level of the tendons of insertion of the teres major muscle to become the ___ .

A

axillary vein

127
Q

What system of the body includes the brain?

A

Central nervous system

128
Q

The recording of electrical signals in the heart?

A

ECG

129
Q

Another name for the right atrio-ventricular valve of the heart is

A

tricuspid valve

130
Q

A shallow depression in a bone is referred to as a:

A

fossa

131
Q

The lateral border of the femoral triangle is the

A

sartorius muscle

132
Q

The supraorbital margin is a landmark of which of the following bones?

A

Frontal bone

133
Q

The term tunica externa suggests which of the following body structures?

A

An artery

134
Q

Which of the following is a muscle of the anterior thigh?

A

Quadriceps femoris

135
Q

Which of the following blood vessels is a continuation of the anterior tibial artery?

A

dorsalis pedis artery

136
Q

The brain and the spinal cord may collectively be referred to as the

A

central nervous system

137
Q

The bones of the arms and legs are considered to be

A

appendicular

138
Q

Which of these is the last chamber of the heart to contain oxygenated blood before it enters into the aorta?

A

left ventricle

139
Q

Blood returning to the heart from pulmonary circulation enters the?

A

left atrium

140
Q

The number of classified bones in the make-up of the human skeleton is:

A

206

141
Q

Of the following arteries, the one that is involved in the make-up of the Circle of Willis is the:

A

internal carotid artery

142
Q

Which of the following is NOT a part of the quadriceps femoris muscle?

A

Biceps femoris

143
Q

The descending colon terminates by becoming the

A

sigmoid colon

144
Q

The ileum joins the large intestine at the:

A

cecum

145
Q

Systemic circulation begins with:

A

the aorta

146
Q

Where are the chordae tendinae located?

A

in the ventricles of the heart

147
Q

Which blood vessel bifurcates into the right and left common iliac arteries?

A

abdominal aorta

148
Q

A term that suggests a location close to the surface of the body or body part is:

A

superficial

149
Q

The external jugular vein terminates as it unites with the ________________ to form the brachiocephalic vein.

A

subclavian vein

150
Q

How many pairs of salivary glands are there in the body?

A

three pair

151
Q

The membrane that lines the abdominal cavity is the:

A

peritoneum

152
Q

The process of bone formation is

A

ossification

153
Q

Which of these organs receive blood from the celiac axis or celiac trunk?

A

1 - Liver

2 - Stomach

3 - Spleen

154
Q

Which structure results from the bifurcation of the trachea?

A

Primary bronchi

155
Q

The heart chamber which has the ability to contract with the greatest force is:

A

left ventricle

156
Q

The membrane which surrounds the shaft of a long bone is the

A

periosteum

157
Q

The part of the vascular system that takes oxygenated blood to the body and then returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart is the

A

systemic circulation

158
Q

Which of the following is a muscle of the chest?

A

Pectoralis major

159
Q

The valve in the left atrio-ventricular septum of the heart is the

A

mitral valve

160
Q

In the plane for the abdominal region, that region located directly superior to the umbilical region is known as the ______________

A

epigastric region

161
Q

By conducting along atrial muscle fibers, the action potential reaches this, located in the septum between the two atria, just anterior to the opening of the coronary sinus:

A

atrioventricular (AV) node

162
Q

The muscle of the heart is served by?

A

coronary circulation

163
Q

Blood passes from the right atrium into the right ventricle through a valve called the?

A

tricuspid valve

164
Q

Which of the following structures resembles a “cauda equina” (horses tail)?

A

the spinal cord and its spinal nerves

165
Q

An artery that is considered to be the continuation of the radial artery going into the hand is the:

A

deep palmar arch

166
Q

The external iliac vein arises as a continuation of the:

A

femoral vein

167
Q

The middle and muscular layer of the heart wall which comprises the bulk of the heart?

A

myocardium

168
Q

Which of these blood vessels is located on the lateral aspect of the forearm?

A

Radial artery

169
Q

The sella turcica is located on the:

A

sphenoid bone

170
Q

Which of the following is a sphincter muscle?

A

Orbicularis oris

171
Q

What is another name for the cerebral arterial circle?

A

Circle of Willis

172
Q

Which of the following organs found in the human body, have four ventricles?

A

3 - Brain

173
Q

Systemic circulation of a red blood cell ends when it reaches the:

A

right atrium

174
Q

Which of the following valves transmit de-oxygenated blood:

A

1 - Pulmonary semilunar

3 - Tricuspid valve

175
Q

Which of those listed below are variations in types of muscle tissue?

A

Cardiac
Smooth
Striated

176
Q

Which of the following is a chemical substance in the blood that serves as an anti-infection agent?

A

Antibody

177
Q

The femoral vein

A

enters the adductor canal

178
Q

The carotid canal is found in which of the following bones?

A

temporal

179
Q

The large vein that returns deoxygenated blood from the lower extremities and the abdomen to the right atrium of the heart is the:

A

inferior vena cava

180
Q

Which of these muscles forms the widest part of the back?

A

Latissimus dorsi

181
Q

The rectus femoris muscle is associated with the

A

patella

182
Q

The chordae tendinae of the heart are controlled by cone-shaped (finger like) muscles that arise from the trabeculae carnae of the heart. These muscles are called ___.

A

papillary muscles

183
Q

Which of the following arteries is most closely associated with the left ventricle of the heart?

A

Aorta

184
Q

Which of the following muscle is located in the cervical region of the body?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

185
Q

How many bones in the axial skeleton?

A

80

186
Q

Systemic circulation begins as blood passes out of the heart through this valve into the largest artery in the body?

A

aortic semilunar valve

187
Q

A cluster of capillaries within a nephron of the kidney is the?

A

glomerulus

188
Q

A branch of which of the following structures supplies blood to the stomach?

A

celiac trunk

189
Q

Which of the following structures is NOT involved in pulmonary circulation?

A

right atrium

190
Q

What blood vessel supplies oxygenated blood to the small intestine and the right half of the large intestine?

A

superior mesenteric artery

191
Q

The study of the structures of the body by considering specific sets of related organs as an identifiable unit is

A

systemic anatomy

192
Q

Circulation always begins in a:

A

ventricle

193
Q

Systemic circulation terminates in the:

A

right atrium

194
Q

Which system of the body contain the glottis?

A

Respiratory system

195
Q

The plantar arteries are located in the:

A

foot

196
Q

The membrane that surrounds and protects the heart:

A

pericardium

197
Q

The arteries that arise from the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta are the

A

common iliac arteries

198
Q

The inner most layer of the heart is the:

A

endocardium

199
Q

The heart valve in the right atrio-ventricular septum is the

A

tricuspid valve

200
Q

The opening between the pharynx and the larynx is the

A

glottis

201
Q

The meninges of the spinal cord terminate in a structure called the:

A

filum terminale

202
Q

Even while you are sleeping, the heart pumps about ____________ liters of blood to your lungs each minute and a similar amount to the rest of the body.

A

5

203
Q

The roof of the mouth is the:

A

palateq

204
Q

The center region of the abdomen in the nine region plan is the:

A

umbilical region

205
Q

The gland located at the base of the brain is the

A

pituitary gland

206
Q

The bicuspid valve of the heart controls the flow of blood through the:

A

left atrioventricular orifice

207
Q

The union of the splenic vein and the superior mesenteric vein forms the:

A

hepatic portal vein

208
Q

Which of the following components of the blood is about 92% water?

A

Plasma

209
Q

The study of blood:

A

hematology

210
Q

Which of the following is NOT a section of the small intestine:

A

cecum

211
Q

A union between two arteries or veins, forming alternate routes to a tissue or part, is called a/n:

A

anastomosis

212
Q

The study of the structure of the body with emphasis on the superficial landmarks is

A

topographical anatomy

213
Q

The third branch of the arch of the aorta is the:

A

left subclavian artery

214
Q

The union of the distal ends of two or more blood vessels is called

A

anastomosis

215
Q

Which of the following is considered to be the largest artery of the body when considering volume? The:

A

Aorta

216
Q

A term that defines one of the two divisions of the skeleton is:

A

axial

217
Q

Most of the blood volume of the body will be found in the:

A

veins

218
Q

The serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity is the

A

pleura

219
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are in the vertebral column?

A

12

220
Q

The sphincter valve situated in the orifice between the stomach and the small intestine is the:

A

pyloric

221
Q

What blood cells are responsible for fighting infection?

A

Leukocytes

222
Q

The study of the heart is

A

cardiology

223
Q

An artery that supplies blood to the hand:

A

deep palmar artery

224
Q

The two coronary arteries supply blood to the:

A

muscle of the heart

225
Q

Often referred to as the “strings of the heart” these cords keep the atrioventricular valves from blowing out backwards during the contraction phase of the heart ventricles.

A

chordae tendinae

226
Q

The imaginary, vertical plane that cuts through the body in such a manner as to divide it into two symmetrical halves is referred to as the:

A

median plane

227
Q

Which of these bones is classified as a cranial bone?

A

Sphenoid bone

228
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

three

229
Q

Because any structure that carries blood toward the chambers of the heart is a vein, venous circulation is considered to terminate in/the:

A

both atria of the heart

230
Q

Which of the following can be located on the medial and superficial aspect of the forearm?

A

basilic vein

231
Q

The xiphoid process is a part of which of the following bones?

A

Sternum

232
Q

The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle is called:

A

systole

233
Q

The tricuspid valve is located between the:

A

right atrium and right ventricle

234
Q

Which of the following is a large artery of the arm?

A

Brachial

235
Q

The correct order that a blood cell passes through the structures of the pulmonary circulation is:

A

2: right atrium

3: tricuspid valve

1: right ventricle

6: pulmonary artery

  1. pulmonary veins
236
Q

Which of these blood vessels arises at the termination of the subclavian artery?

A

Axillary artery

237
Q

The internal jugular vein unites with the subclavian vein to form the:

A

brachiocephalic vein

238
Q

Pulmonary circulation begins in the:

A

right ventricle

239
Q

Which of the following branches of the external carotid artery supplies blood to the nose, lips, and chin? The:

A

Facial artery

240
Q

The horse-shoe shaped bone of the neck at the base of the tongue that does not articulate with any other bone is the?

A

hyoid

241
Q

The arch of the aorta gives off:

A

three branches

242
Q

The quality of the blood found in the chambers on the right side of the heart is always?

A

oxygen poor

243
Q

The one muscle that is NOT a “hamstring” muscle is the:

A

quadriceps femoris

244
Q

Of those veins listed below, which one is considered to be the longest vein in the body?

A

Great saphenous

245
Q

The liquid portion of clotted blood is called (blood minus its clotting elements):

A

serum

246
Q

The exit duct of urinary bladder is

A

the urethra

247
Q

Which branch of the internal carotid artery supplies blood to the eyeball?

A

Ophthalmic artery

248
Q

Which of the following bifurcates into the right subclavian and right common carotid arteries?

A

brachiocephalic artery

249
Q

The terminal air sacs of the lungs are called:

A

alveoli

250
Q

What structure will blood pass through as it is leaving the right ventricle of the heart?

A

Pulmonary semilunar valve

251
Q

Which blood vessel begins at the lateral border of the first rib and terminates as it passes by the tendon of the teres major muscle?

A

Axillary artery

flashcards for nbe (8 decks)

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