Anatomy Flashcards
How is the thorax arranged?
flexible containing segmentally arranged vertebrae, ribs, muscles and sternum
What protects the heart?
ribs and sternum and pleural cavity
In terms of ribs, where does the heart lie?
between ribs 2-5 - comes just below rib 4. apex lies in the 5th intercostal space in the midclavicular line
what is the pericardium?
fibroserous sac surrounding the heart and roots of great vessels
What are the two types of pericardium?
fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium
What are the features of fibrous pericardium?
- inelastic/ no stretch
- made up of deep connective tissue
fuses inferiorly with diaphram
How does fibrous pericardium fuse to the diaphragm?
central tendons of diaphragm
What is the the function of fibrous pericardium?
prevents overfilling
anchors in position
defines boundaries of middle medistinium
What makes up serous pericardium?
parietal and visceral pericardium (double layered)
What does the parietal layer line?
inner surface of fibrous pericardium?
what is the visceral layer also known as?
epicardium
what does the visceral layer adhere to?
surface of the heart
what is the pericardial cavity?
potential space between parietal and visceral layer for pericardial fluid to allow for movement and prevents friction
in order of proximity to heart, which pericardium layers are closest?
closest - visceral
parietal
distal - fibrous
what three layers make up the heart wall?
endocardium
myocardium
epicardium
what is the inner layer of the heart wall
endocardium
what makes up endocardium?
simple square epithelial cells
what makes up the middle layer of the heart wall?
myocardium
what is unique about myocardium in the heart?
the thickest layer - makes up cardiac muscle
what is epicardium?
outer layer of the heart layer - visceral pericardium
what is closest to heart itself the heart wall or pericardium?
heart wall is closet, last layer is visceral pericardium (epicardium), which makes up start of pericardium
where does the superior vena cava bring blood in from?
head, neck, upper limbs
where does the inferior Vena cava bring blood in from?
anything lower than the heart
what are the three branches on the aortic branch?
- brachiocephalic trunk
- left common carotid artery
- left subclavian artery