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Mblex Test Prep > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy is

A

The study of the structure of the human body

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2
Q

Physiology

A

The study of the function of the body

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3
Q

Homeostasis

A

The existence & maintenance of a constant internal environment

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4
Q

Homeostatic variables

A

Stimuli that changes the body’s internal environment; temperature,hormones, diet, body’s pH level

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5
Q

Homeostatic mechanisms

A

Sweating & shivering

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6
Q

Set point (normal body temp)

A

98.6

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7
Q

Regional anatomy

A

Study of the structures of the body

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8
Q

Directional terms

A

Description of position of one structure in the body in relation to another structure

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9
Q

Superior

A

Above

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10
Q

Inferior

A

Below

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11
Q

Anterior

A

Front

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12
Q

Posterior

A

Back

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13
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to midline

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14
Q

Distal

A

Further from midline

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15
Q

Medial

A

Middle

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16
Q

Lateral

A

Side

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17
Q

Deep

A

More internal

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18
Q

Superficial

A

Towards surface

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19
Q

Body planes

A

Viewing structures from different aspects

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20
Q

Midsaggital (median)

A

Middle of the body

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21
Q

Sagittal

A

Splits body but not equally, anywhere along midsagittal plane

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22
Q

Transverse
(Horizontal)

A

Superior and inferior

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23
Q

Frontal (coronal)

A

Anterior, posterior

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24
Q

Body regions

A

Central, upper limb, lower limb

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25
Q

Central body region

A

Center of body;
Head, neck, trunk

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26
Q

Trunk

A

Thorax, chest, abdomen, pelvis

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27
Q

Thorax contains

A

Heart, lungs, esophagus, thymus, & major blood vessels connecting to heart

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28
Q

Abdomen

A

Majority of digestive organs; stomach,liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, and large intestine. Also kidneys & ureters

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29
Q

Pelvis contains

A

Urinary bladder, urethra, & reproductive organs

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30
Q

Upper limb 4 regions

A

Arm, forearm, wrist, hand

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31
Q

Arm contains

A

Humerus

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32
Q

Forearm contains

A

Radius ulna

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33
Q

Wrist contains

A

Carpals

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34
Q

Hand contains

A

Metacarpals & phalanges

35
Q

Lower limb 4 regions

A

Thigh, leg, ankle, foot

36
Q

Thigh contains

37
Q

Leg contains

A

Tibia and fíbula

38
Q

Ankle contains

39
Q

Foot contains

A

Metatarsals & phalanges

40
Q

Abdomen 4 quadrants

A

Upper right, upper left, lower right, lower left

41
Q

Abdomen 9 regions

A

Right hypochondriac, epigástric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac

42
Q

Upper right quadrant contains

A

Liver, gallbladder, pancreas, right kidney, small intestine, large intestine

43
Q

Upper left quadrant contains

A

Stomach, spleen, pancreas, left kidney, small intestine, large intestine

44
Q

Lower right quadrant contains

A

Small intestine, large intestine, uterus, ovary, & urinary bladder

45
Q

Lower left quadrant contains

A

Small intestine, large intestine, uterus, ovary, & urinary bladder

46
Q

Dorsal body cavity is created by

A

Cranium & vertebral column

47
Q

Dorsal body cavity is responsible to

A

Protect the brain & spinal cord

48
Q

Central body cavity (2 cavities)

A

Thoracic & abdominopelvic cavity

49
Q

Thoracic (3 cavities)

A

Pleural, mediastinum, pericardial cavities

50
Q

Pleural cavity contains

51
Q

Mediastinum

A

Area between lungs, contains major blood vessels; aorta, superior vena cava, pulmonary arteries, trachea, esophagus

52
Q

Pericardial cavity contains

53
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity (2 cavities)

A

Abdominal, pelvic

54
Q

Abdominal cavity contains

A

Major digestive organs; stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine & kidneys

55
Q

Pelvic cavity contains

A

Internal reproductive organs, urinary bladder

56
Q

Cells

A

Are functional units of all tissues. They are responsible for performing all essential life functions, from synthesizing nutrients to destroying pathogens and debris

57
Q

Mitosis

A

Cell division of one single mother cell into 2 separate daughter cells

58
Q

Organelles

A

Structures inside each cell that help regulate function of the cell

59
Q

Nucleus

A

Regulates overall function of cell

60
Q

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

A

Building block for life

61
Q

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

A

Vital in transmitting signals from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis

62
Q

Gogli apparatus

A

Allows proteins & lipids to be bundled & transported within the cell itself

63
Q

Lysosomes

A

Break down several different substances inside the cell, including protein and waste products

64
Q

Mitochondria

A

Responsible for production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

65
Q

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

A

Molecule that provides energy to the body by transporting chemical energy to parts of the body that require it

66
Q

Ribosomes

A

Contain protein & RNA, synthesize cell proteins

67
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Synthesizes carbohydrates & lipids to use when producing new cell membranes

68
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Gel like substance that allows organelles, nutrients, and waste products to move throughout the cell

69
Q

Organization of body

A

Cells>tissues>organ>organ system>organism

70
Q

Tissue

A

A group of cells w/similar function and structure

71
Q

4 types of Tissue

A

Epithelial, musclular, nervous, connective

72
Q

Epithelial tissue forms

A

Most glands, digestive tract, respiratory tract, & the epidermis

73
Q

Epithelial tissue (avascular, no direct blood flow

A

Protection, secretion, & absorption of nutrients

74
Q

Muscular tissue

A

Creates muscle

75
Q

3 types of muscle

A

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscle

76
Q

Skeletal muscles (striated, voluntary)

A

Attach to skeleton

77
Q

Body heat

A

Created by skeletal muscle always being in a state of twitching called shivers

78
Q

Cardiac muscle (branching)

A

Powerful, shoots blood out of heart w/ each contraction. & Makes the heart (which is involuntary)

79
Q

Smooth muscle (non-striated & involuntary)

A

Found in walls of hallow organs such as stomach & intestines

80
Q

Peristalsis

A

Muscle contracting to force food through digestive system

81
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Forms brain, spinal cord, nerves

82
Q

Neuron

A

Primary cell of nervous tissue that process nervous impulses which are sent to other tissues; i.e. muscles, other neurons

83
Q

Neurons receive action potentials (electrical impulses) which are brought into the cell by dendrites

84
Q

Dendrites

A

Branch-like projections coming off of cell body into neurons

Mblex Test Prep (18 decks)

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