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FoM > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Supine

A

Lying on back

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2
Q

Prone

A

Lying on front

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3
Q

Sagittal plane

A

symmetric, cuts the body into left and right

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4
Q

Coronal plane

A

cuts the body into posterior and anterior (front and back)

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5
Q

Axial (transfers) plane

A

cuts the body into superior and inferior (top and bottom)

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6
Q

Flexion

A

decreasing the angle between parts

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7
Q

Extensions

A

increasing angle

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8
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

the decrease of the ankle angle

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9
Q

Plantarflexion

A

the increase of the ankle angle

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10
Q

Abduction

A

away from the midline

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11
Q

Adduction

A

towards the midline

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12
Q

Rotation

A

moving around a long axis

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13
Q

Circumduction

A

circular movement

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14
Q

Pronation/supination

A

palm facing superior for supination
inferior for pronation
(semi-prone = halfway)

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15
Q

Eversion/inversion

A

at the ankle joint

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16
Q

Retrusion/protrusion

A

moving the jaw in and out

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17
Q

Elevation/depression

A

shrug of shoulders

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18
Q

Opposition/reposition

A

thumb and any other digit of the hand connection

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19
Q

Unilateral

A

structural on only one side of the body

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20
Q

Bilateral

A

structural on both sides of the body

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21
Q

Midline

A

single structure located in the middle i.e. umbilicus

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22
Q

Ipsilateral

A

lies of the same side as to what it is compared to

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23
Q

Contralateral

A

lies on the opposite side as to what is it compared to

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24
Q

Condyle

A

smooth rounded elevation

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25
Q

Crest

A

sharp ridge

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26
Q

facet

A

smooth area

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27
Q

process

A

localized projection

28
Q

trochanter

A

large rounded elevation

29
Q

tubercle

A

small rounded elevation

30
Q

tuberosity

A

large rounded eleavtion

31
Q

foramen

A

hole

32
Q

sulcus

A

groove or furrow

33
Q

periosteum

A

outer membrane of the bone

34
Q

trabecular bone

A

web like bone at the distal ends of long bone

35
Q

cortical bone

A

hard bone surrounding the outer surface

36
Q

metaphysis

A

growth plate located at either end of long bone

37
Q

diaphysis

A

main section of the bone usually hollow

38
Q

what are the different types of joints?

A

Synovial - MCPJ, IPJ, facet joints
Cartilaginous - IV discs, sternal angle
Fibrous - sutures

39
Q

features of joints

A

Good nerve supply - arthritic/dislocation pain
Periarticular circulation - periarticular anastomosis dislocations

40
Q

components of appendicular skeleton

A

shoulder girdle
arm
hand
pelvic girdle
leg
foot

41
Q

components of axial skeleton

A

skull
chest
vertebral column

42
Q

skeletal muscles are …

A

Covered in deep fascia
Originate + insert onto:
-Bone via tendons
-Soft tissue via aponeurosis
Move origin + insertion closer together

43
Q

Paralysis

A

Motor nerve problem
No contraction > reduced tone

44
Q

Spasticity

A

Problem with descending brain control
Increased tone

45
Q

Atrophy

A

Smaller myocytes + wasting (inactivity)

46
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Myocyte enlargement

47
Q

which part of the heart is most anterior?

A

Right ventricle

48
Q

which arteries supply the arms?

A

subclavian – axillary – brachial – radial/ulnar

49
Q

which arteries supply the legs?

A

external iliac – femoral – popliteal – ant/post tibial (> fibular)

50
Q

which arteries supply the abdomen?

A

coeliac axis, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, renal

51
Q

what are the two venous systems?

A

systemic
hepatic portal

52
Q

what is the systemic venous system?

A

the same as arterial system

53
Q

what is the hepatic portal?

A

Absorptive organs > hepatic portal vein

54
Q

what is the route of the testis?

A

posterior wall of abdomen
layers of abdominal wall
inguinal canal
scrotum

55
Q

what is the route of the sperm?

A

seminiferous tubules
rete testis
epididymis
vas deferens

56
Q

what are the components of the spermatic cord?

A

Vas deferens
Pampiniform plexus
Testicular artery

57
Q

what are the female reproductive organs?

A

ovaries

58
Q

what are the female accessory reproductive organs?

A

uterine tubes, uterus and vagina

59
Q

what are the 3 layers of the uterus?

A

perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium

60
Q

where does fertilisation occur?

A

ampulla

61
Q

where does implantation occur?

A

body of the uterus

62
Q

sympathetics

A

fight or flight
sympathetics only enter spinal nerves
T1-L2: sympathetics can exit and enter spinal cord/nerves
Run up and down via sympathetic chain

63
Q

parasympatheitcs

A

rest and digest
motor and sensory
Cranial outflow: CN 3, 7, 9, 10
Sacral outflow: S2-4

64
Q

Rootlets > roots > spinal nerve > rami

A

Dorsal root: sensory
Ventral root: motor
Spinal nerve onwards: mixed
Dorsal rami go to back
Ventral rami supply rest of body

65
Q

what is the Filum terminale?

A

connective tissue below conus medullaris

66
Q

what is the Conus medullaris?

A

end of spinal cord

67
Q

what is the Cauda equina?

A

L2-S5 spinal nerves

FoM (4 decks)

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