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HCB > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Homeostasis

A

It allows the organism to maintain a state of constancy or equilibrium, in spite of vast changes in the external environment.

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2
Q

Appendix

A

Located near the junction of the small and large intestines, and is made up of lymphatic tissue.

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3
Q

Spleen

A

Acts as a blood filtration system, filtering out old blood cells.

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4
Q

Pancreas

A

Produces insulin which helps regulate sugar in the blood stream.

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5
Q

Gall bladder

A

Serves as storage system for bile from the liver.

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6
Q

Liver

A

Produces bile, which is excreted into the small intestines to assist in the breakdown of fat.

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7
Q

Anus

A

The opening of the anal canal to the exterior.

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8
Q

Rectum

A

The last 8in. Of the GI tract.

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9
Q

Large intestines (Colon)

A

Terminal portion of the GI tract and is about 5ft. Long

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10
Q

Small intestine

A

Most digestion and absorption of nutrients occur here

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11
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

A

The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

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12
Q

Stomach

A

J-shaped ouch that connects the esophagus to the small intestine and serves as a mixing chamber and holding reservoir.

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13
Q

Esophagus

A

A muscular tube that passes from the pharynx down the neck between the trachea and the spinal column.

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14
Q

Pharynx

A

Structure that good passes through from the mouth to the esophagus.

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15
Q

Mouth

A

The entrance to the GI tract where food starts to get broken down.

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16
Q

Digestive system

A

Provides the mechanisms by which food travels through the body and is digested.

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17
Q

F reproductive tract

A

Includes the ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina, external, genitalia, and mammary glands.

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18
Q

M reproductive tract

A

Include the epididymis, vas deferents, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct, urethra and penis.

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19
Q

Ovaries

A

Produce ova(eggs) and are connected to the uterus by Fallopian tubes.

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20
Q

Testes

A

Produce sperm and are connected to the penis by the epididymis.

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21
Q

Urethra

A

A tube that carries the urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

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22
Q

Bladder

A

A pouch into which urine passes from the kidneys and is temporarily stored until discharged from the body.

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23
Q

Ureters

A

Paired ducts that carry away urine from a kidney to the bladder

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24
Q

Kidneys

A

Lie between the peritoneum on either side of the upper lumbar vertebrae and are the principal organ of the renal system used to filter waste materials from the body.

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25
Q

Genitourinary

A

This section covers two body systems, the urinate and the reproductive system.

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26
Q

Pineal

A

Secretes melatonin, which contributes to the setting of the body’s biological clock.

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27
Q

Adrenal

A

Secretes norepinephrine, epinephrine, and small amounts of dopamine.

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28
Q

Gonads

A

Secrete sex hormones

29
Q

Thyroid

A

Secretes thyroxin and is responsible for the regulation of metabolism

30
Q

Pituitary

A

Known as the “master” gland because it releases several hormones that control other glands

31
Q

Parathyroid

A

Responsible for producing parathormone which regulates the levels of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in the blood

32
Q

Endocrine

A

A collection of glands whose function is to regulate multiple organs within the body to meet the growth and reproductive needs of the organism

33
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Conveys information from receptors in the head, body wall and limbs and from receptors for the special senses of vision, hearing, taste and smell.

34
Q

Automatic nervous system

A

Is the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions and affects such things as digestion and heart rate

35
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Consists of nerves and ganglia that inner are all parts of the body and provide an interface between the environment and the CNS.

36
Q

Brain stem

A

Consists of the medulla, pons, and midbrain

37
Q

What does the spinal roots consist of?

A

8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal

38
Q

Spinal nerve roots

A

Connect the CNS to sensory receptors, muscles, and glands.

39
Q

Spinal cord

A

The spinal cord rests within the spinal column and stretches from the brain to the lumbar vertebrae

40
Q

CNS

A

Consciousness

41
Q

Neurons

A

Nerve cell which serve as the structure and funcional unit of the nervous system

42
Q

Nervous system

A

Transmits impulses that govern sensation, movement, and thought

43
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Consists of the bones of the upper and lower extremities

44
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Consists of the skull, the vertebrae column, and the thorax

45
Q

Periosteum

A

The thin outer membrane surrounding the bone

46
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Smooth, glossy tissue that forms the joint surfaces

47
Q

What are the four types of bones

A

Long, short, flat, and irregular bones

48
Q

Irregular bones

A

Vertebrae, mandible and pelvic bones

49
Q

Flat bones

A

Skull, sternum, and scapula

50
Q

Short bones

A

Wrist and ankle bones

51
Q

Long bones

A

Femur and humerus

52
Q

What are the two types of bones

A

Compact and cancellous

53
Q

Cancellous tissue

A

Inner spongy, pour out portion

54
Q

Compact bone

A

Hard outer shell

55
Q

Skeleton

A

Composed of 206 bones

56
Q

Cartilage

A

Tough flexible tissue that makes up most of the skeleton of vertebrates

57
Q

Joints

A

The point of contact between elements of a skeleton whether movable or rigidly fixed together with the surrounding and supporting parts

58
Q

Ligaments

A

Tissues that connects bone to bone

59
Q

Tendons

A

Tissue that connects muscle to bone

60
Q

Muscles

A

Tissue consisting of long cells that contract when stimulated And produce motion

61
Q

Musculoskeletal system

A

Is a bony structure that provides stability to the soft tissues of the body

62
Q

Appendages

A

Nails, hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and ceruminous glands

63
Q

Subcutaneous

A

Lies between the dermis and is made up of fat and soft tissue

64
Q

Dermis

A

Lies below the epidermis and gradually glands into the deeper tissue

65
Q

Epidermis

A

The outer layer of the skin

66
Q

Integumentary system

A

Tissues grouped together to form organs

67
Q

Hard palate

A

Anterior portion of the roof of the mouth

68
Q

Soft palate

A

Posterior portion of the roof of the mouth

HCB (5 decks)

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