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bioregulatory systems y2 > anatomy > Flashcards

anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what is the anterolateral abdominal wall

A

the muscular wall of the abdomen

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2
Q

what does the anterolateral abdominal wall serve purpose for (4 things to mention here)

A

1) protect the viscera within the abdomen (no protective bones as it would reduce mobility of the trunk)
2) serve as accessory muscles for respiration
3) compress the abdominal contents to increase intra abdominal pressure during coughing, sneezing, defecation and parturition
4) provide movement of the trunk

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3
Q

what does the anterolateral abdominal wall consist of

A
  • layers of skin
  • connective tissues
  • muscle
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4
Q

if you cut laterally through the anterolateral abdominal wall what would you cut through

A

sheet oblique muscles

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5
Q

if you cut medially through the anterolateral abdominal wall what would you cut through

A

rectus abdominis muscle

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6
Q

what is an aponeurosis

A

a term used to describe a tendon that is in the form of a sheet

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7
Q

where does the rectus abdominis arise from

A

the fifth, sixth and seventh costal cartilages

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8
Q

where is the rectus abdominis inserted

A

the pubic crest

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9
Q

what is the rectus abdominis separated by

A

bands of tendons called tendinous intersections
sometimes 3/4
go about halfway through the muscle

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10
Q

what is the action of the rectus abdominis muscles

A

to produce flexion of the lumbar spine
also have a static effect - keep the lumbar spine straight

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11
Q

what do the rectus abdominis muscles act in opposition to

A

erector spinae muscles

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12
Q

how are the rectus abdominis muscles enclosed

A

on the front and back
by tendinous envelope formed by aponeurosis’ of the 3 muscle layers

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13
Q

where does the posterior layer of the rectus sheath end and what landmark describes this

A

3/4s of the way down the muscle - sometimes gradually or abruptly
distinct lower border called the arcuate line

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14
Q

where does the anterior layer extend to

A

all the way from the costal margin to the pubis

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15
Q

what is the anterior layer of the rectus attached to

A

the tendinous intersections

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16
Q

what do both anterior and posterior rectus sheath insert into

A

the dense midline band of tendinous tissue called the linea alba

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17
Q

where does the linea alba extend from

A

the xiphoid process to the pubis

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18
Q

what are the 3 flat muscles

A

transversus abdomnis
internal oblique
external oblique

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19
Q

describe transversus abdominis muscles

A

fibres of transverses all run in the same transverse direction except the low ones which run downwards

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20
Q

where do transverse abdominis fibres arise from

A

inner aspect of the costal margin from the 6th rib to the 12th

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21
Q

what happens between the 12th rib and the ilium with transversus

A

transversus arises from the edge of the thoracolumbar fascia
and below arises from the inner aspect of the iliac crest

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22
Q

where do the lowest fibres of transversus arise from

A

a thickening of the iliopsoas fascia

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23
Q

does transversus have a short free lower border

A

yes

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24
Q

where do the muscle fibres of transversus end

A

broad sheet of tendon, transversus aponeurosis

25
Q

what does the transversus aponeurosis fuse with

A

the aponeurosis of the overlying internal oblique to form 1 aponeurotic layer

26
Q

where does the internal oblique arise from

A

thoracolumbar fascia and from the iliac crest

27
Q

where do the lowest fibres of the internal oblique arise from

A

the thickening of the iliopsoas fascia

28
Q

does the internal oblique have a short free lower border

A

yes

29
Q

fibres of the internal oblique travel in differing directions, yes or no

A

at the back (almost running upwards, middle = transverse and towards the end they run downwards)

30
Q

where do the highest fibres of the internal oblique insert

A

on the lowet 3 ribs

31
Q

where do the remaining fibres of the internal oblique end

A

in the internal oblique aponeurosis

32
Q

at the edge of the rectus, what divides into 2 layers

A

the combined aponeurotic layer
one passes behind and one in front of the rectus

33
Q

which is the outermost of the 3 flat muscles

A

the external oblique

34
Q

how are the fibres of the external oblique arranged

A

they spiral downwards and forwards at the side
downwards and medially in front

35
Q

where does the external oblique arise from

A

a broad area on the outside of the rib from the 12th rib to the 5th rib

36
Q

what does the zig zag line of origin of the external oblique fit in with

A

the line of origin of serratus anterior

37
Q

where does the anterior part of the external oblique end

A

in the external oblique aponeurosis

38
Q

what forms the anterior rectus sheath

A

the aponeurosis of the flat muscles combine

39
Q

does the external oblique have a short free lower border

A

it acc has both (short = between the 12th rib and the iliac crest)
it has a long free lower border between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle
(the free lower long border is the inguinal ligament)

40
Q

the part of the E oblique that arises from the 10th to 12th rib inserts where?

A

inserts along the outer edge of the anterior half of the iliac crest

41
Q

what is the action of all 3 flat muscles contracting

A

they raise the pressure inside the abdominal cavity

42
Q

what happens when our airway is open

A

the rise in intraabdominal pressure pushes the diaphragm upwards causing air to leave the lungs

43
Q

what happens when we hold our breath by closing the larynx

A

the flat muscles provide pressure needed to expel content of rectum, bladder or uterus

44
Q

what happens when flat muscles contract individually

A

play a part in producing lateral flexion of the lumbar spine and rotation of the thoracic spine

45
Q

what serous membrane lines the abdominal cavity from inside

A

parietal peritoneum

46
Q

what is beneath the parietal peritoneum

A

there is a continuous layer of loose connective tissue called iliopsoas fascia

47
Q

what is the iliopsoas fascia called on the inside of the anterior abdominal wall

A

transversalis fascia

48
Q

what is the inguinal ligament

A

strong band of tendinous tissue that goes from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

49
Q

what is between the gap between the inguinal ligament and the underlying bone

A

femoral vein, artery and nerve medially
and the belly of the psoas and iliacus muscles laterally

50
Q

what is the inguinal region

A

a structure that passes obliquely through the abdominal wall just above the inguinal ligament

51
Q

what is the inguinal ligament

A

the lowest part of the external oblique aponeurosis

52
Q

what is the inguinal ligament laterally attached to

A

anterior superior iliac spine

53
Q

what is the inguinal ligament medially attached to

A

the pubic tubercle

54
Q

what is the lacunar ligament

A

the triangular shaped extension
the lowest fibres of the ligament curling round

55
Q

where do the lowest fibres of the transversus and internal oblique arise from

A

transversus lowest fibres arise from the thickening of the underlying iliopsoas fascia

56
Q

what is the conjoint tendon and what is it attached to

A

the tendinous fibres of the transversus and internal oblique arch over and unite to form the flat tendon
attached to the pubic crest and pecten

57
Q

opening in the ex oblique aponeurosis is called

A

the superficial inguinal ring either the spermatic cord or the round ligament passes through

58
Q

inferior and superior crus

A

fibres below and above the opening of the superficial inguinal ring and are attached to the pubic tubercle and pubic crest

bioregulatory systems y2 (6 decks)

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