anatomy

Question 1

function of piriformis, gemellus superior, obturator internus, and gemellus inferior?

Answer 1

lateral rotation of thigh and and abduction of the femur

Question 2

function of quadratus femoris?

Answer 2

lateral rotator of the thigh ONLY

*not an abductor like the rest

Question 3

gemmelus superior innervation:

Answer 3

nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)

Question 4

obturator internus innervation:

Answer 4

nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)

Question 5

piriformis innervation:

Answer 5

nerve to piriformis (S1 and S2)

Question 6

gemmellus inferior innervation:

Answer 6

nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)

Question 7

quadratus femoris innervation:

Answer 7

nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)

Question 8

tensor fasciae lata function:

Answer 8

abducts femur
stabilizes the knee in extension

Question 9

tensor fasciae lata innervation:

Answer 9

superior gluteal nerve

Question 10

gluteus maximus function:

Answer 10

hip/thigh extension, abduction and lateral rotator of the thigh, lateral stabilizer of hip/knee

Question 11

gluteus maximus innervation:

Answer 11

inferior gluteal nerve

Question 12

gluteus medius/minimus function:

Answer 12

hip abductors, medially rotate thigh

Question 13

gluteus medius/minimus innervation:

Answer 13

superior gluteal nerve

Question 14

what is piriformis syndrome?

Answer 14

sciatic nerve protrudes through the piriformis muscle.

sx:
cramp in buttock region
tingling to posterior thigh
pain radiating down post. leg
muscle weakness of lower limb

Question 15

what causes trochanteric bursitis?

Answer 15

bursal sacs (membrane bound fluid sacs) surrounding the greater trochanter of the femur. bursITIS is inflammation of the sacs

Question 16

what helps support the pelvis during the swing phase of a normal gait?

Answer 16

gluteus medius and minimus contract and abduct the pelvis on the fixed femur on the OPPOSITE side of the unsupported pelvis

Question 17

what is a positive Trendelenburg sign?

Answer 17

indicative of superior gluteal artery damage - issues with gluteus medius and minimus

the pelvis on the unsupported side drops when the patient stands on the SIDE OF THE AFFECTED LIMB/PLANTED FOOT

signs: waddling gait

Question 18

where is the safe injection site of the posterior hip?

Answer 18

upper right (lateral) quadrant, near the highest point of the iliac crest

reason: avoids any major nerves

Question 19

what are the branches of cutaneous innervation of the gluteal region (innervation to skin)?

Answer 19

superior cluneal
inferior cluneal
medial cluneal
iliohyphogastric

Question 20

what nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 20

femoral nerve

Question 21

what nerve innervates the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 21

obturator nerve

Question 22

what nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh, leg, and sole of foot?

Answer 22

sciatic nerve

Question 23

overall function of posterior compartment of thigh?

Answer 23

extensors of thigh
flexors of the knee

Question 24

overall function of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 24

flexors of the thigh
extensors of the knee

Question 25

overall function of the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 25

adductors of the thigh (exception=adductor magnus)

Question 26

functions of semintendinosus and semimembranosus:

Answer 26

extend thigh at the hip, flex the leg at the knee

Question 27

semimembranosus and semitendinosus innervation:

Answer 27

sciatic nerve - tibial branch (post comp)

Question 28

biceps femoris function:

Answer 28

long head: flex leg at the knee, extend thigh at the hip short head: flex leg at the knee (origin not near hip joint)

Question 29

sciatic nerve branches:

Answer 29

tibial (L4-S3) common fibular (L4-S2)

Question 30

where does the sciatic nerve exit the pelvis:

Answer 30

typically below the piriformis separates into branches proximal to popliteal fossa

Question 31

muscles that border the popliteal fossa:

Answer 31

superior med: semitendinosus, semimembranosus super lat: biceps femoris inferior lat: plantaris, lateral head gastrocnemius inferior med: medial head gastrocnemius

Question 32

superficial to deep arrangement of popliteal fossa:

Answer 32

tibial nerve (and common fibular) popliteal vein popliteal artery

Question 33

what x2 tendons form the greater and lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 33

sacrospinous and sacrotuberous

Question 34

what action does the iliofemoral ligament prevent:

Answer 34

anterior on the femur prevents hyperextension

Question 35

what action does the pubofemoral ligament prevent:

Answer 35

attaches to medial femur prevents hyperabduction

Question 36

articular surface of the acetabulum

Answer 36

lunate surface

Question 37

"cup" of the acetabulum

Answer 37

acetabular labrum external to the articulation deepens/supports the cup?

Question 38

name of the ligament inside the acetabular fossa:

Answer 38

ligamentum teres

Question 39

ligament that is the floor of the acetabulum:

Answer 39

transverse acetabular ligament

Question 40

3 ligaments that form the acetabulum joint capsule:

Answer 40

ischiofemoral pubiofemoral iliofemoral

Question 41

what arteries form the retinacular branches?

Answer 41

medial and lateral circumflex arteries supply femoral neck?

Question 42

which branch supplies the blood to the femoral head?

Answer 42

obturator artery (from internal iliac)

Question 43

what branches form the cruciate anastomosis?

Answer 43

medial circumflex lateral circumflex 1st perforating branch of profunda femoris inferior gluteal artery

Question 44

what does the medial circumflex artery supply?

Answer 44

mainly the intracapsular region of the femoral neck underneath the joint ligaments?

Question 45

damage to what artery can cause avascular necrosis (AVM) of the femoral neck?

Answer 45

ascending branch medial circumflex

Question 46

intracapsular tronchanteric fractures

Answer 46

inside the capsule ligaments damages retinacular arteries compromises blood supply to head risk of avascular necrosis

Question 47

extracapsular trochanteric fractures

Answer 47

does not affect the blood supply to the joint outside of the capsule

Question 48

result of both extracapsular and intracapsular fractures:

Answer 48

external rotation with some shortening of the leg

Question 49

tensor fasciae lata origin/insertion

Answer 49

anterior superior iliac spine iliotibial band

Question 50

gluteus maximus origin/insertion:

Answer 50

posterior superior iliac crest iliotibial band, gluteal tuberosity on posterior femoral surface

Question 51

gluteus medius origin/insertion:

Answer 51

posterior ilium greater trochanter of femur

Question 52

gluteus minimus origin/insertion:

Answer 52

outer surface of ilium (laterally) greater trochanter

Question 53

piriformis origin/insertion:

Answer 53

anterior surface of sacrum medial side of greater trochanter

Question 54

gemellus superior origin/attachment:

Answer 54

posterior ischial spine medial greater trochanter/along the length of obturator internus

Question 55

obturator internus origin/attachment:

Answer 55

anterolateral wall of pelvis (bottom hole) medial greater trochanter

Question 56

gemmelus inferior origin/insertion:

Answer 56

upper aspect of ischial tuberosity inferior surface of obturator internus/medial greater trochanter

Question 57

quadratus femoris origin/insertion:

Answer 57

lateral aspect of ischium (right above tuberosity) quadrate tubercle of intertrochanteric crest

Question 58

semitendinosus origin/insertion:

Answer 58

ischial tuberosity superior aspect of medial tibial shaft

Question 59

semimembranosus origin/insertion:

Answer 59

ischial tuberosity posterior medial tibial condyle

Question 60

biceps femoris origin/insertion:

Answer 60

long head: ischial tuberosity fibula short head: upper femur fibula