Anatomy

Question 1

Oviparous

Answer 1

`Egg Laying

Birds, Fishes, Amphibians

Ovum surrounded by large amount of yolk

+/- internal fertilization

Question 2

Ovoviparous

Answer 2

Egg (non-placental) incubation with birth of live young

Most reptiles (venomus snakes)

Have egg with protecitve shell

Internal fertilization and internal hatching

Question 3

Viviparous

Answer 3

Placental gestation with birth of live young

Mammals - suckle young

Question 4

Ovary

Answer 4

Secrete gametes via tubular genitalia

Produce hormones - estrodial, progesterone

Peripheral parenchyma (cortex) contains various stages of follicular and luteal gland development

Central vascular zone (medulla) contains connective tissue rich in blood vessels

Follicles - enclose oocyte, become fluid-filled, estradiol become concentrated in follicular fluid.

Corpora Lutea - after ovulation the cells of the follicle become corpora luteal cells

Question 5

Ovary

Bovine

Answer 5

Readily palpated

Suspended from the broad ligament cranial or cranial-lateral to the tip of hte uterine horns

Palpable structures:

Tertiary follicles

Corpora lutea

Corpora heamoragicum

Corpora albicans

Question 6

Ovary

Equine

Answer 6

Bean shaped

Not as freely moveable as bovine ovaries

Ventral Border is concave vascular connective tissue and central parenchyma has follicular and luteal gland tissue

Palpable follicles are located in ovulation fossa

Corpora lutea are not palpable

Question 7

Uterine Tubes

Fimbria

Answer 7

Has Cilia that “sweep” the ovum from the ovary at ovulation into the infundibulum

Question 8

Uterine Tubes

Infundibulum

Answer 8

One-third protion of uterine tube nearest the ovary

Funnel-like structure catches the ovum at ovulation

Question 9

Uterine Tubes

Ampulla

Answer 9

Middle ⅓ protion of uterine tube

Site of Fertilization

Question 10

Uterine Tube

Isthmus

Answer 10

Portion of uterine tube closest to uterus

Uterotubal Junction in the equine acts as a mechanical barrier to the passage fo the early embryo

Question 11

Uterus

Unilateral Tract

Answer 11

Birds

Only left Mullerian duct forms into a functional oviduct / uterus

Question 12

Uterus

Marsupial Tract

Answer 12

Opossum, Kangaroo, Koala

Mullerian ducts fuse very distally (near vulva), therefore have two vaginas and two cervix

Male opossum have forked penis

Question 13

Uterus

Duplex Tract

Answer 13

Rodents

Mullerian ducts fuse very distally - One vagina with 1 or 2 cervix

No migration of embryos between horns

Question 13

Uterus

Duplex Tract

Answer 13

Rodents

Mullerian ducts fuse very distally - One vagina with 1 or 2 cervix

No migration of embryos between horns

Question 14

Bicornuate Tract

Answer 14

Procine, Canine

Two longs horns

Mullerian Ducts fuse cranial to cervix

Easy migration of embryos between horns

Question 15

Bipartite Tract

Answer 15

Bovine, Ovine

Two horns with distinct septum

Mullerian Ducts fuse cranial to cervix

Seldom have migration of embryos between horns

Question 16

Uterus

Modified Bipartite Tract

Answer 16

Equine

Two horns

Long uterine body - as long as horns

Question 17

Uterus

Simplex Tract

Answer 17

Primates

Mullerian ducts completely fused - no horns

Question 18

Cervix

Answer 18

Connective Tissue and muscle forms tube-like sphincter

Almost always “closed” - acts as barrier to protect uterus

Equine cervix has no cartilage and changes tone during the estrus cycle.

Question 19

Vagina

Answer 19

Caudal to uterus/cervix - located in pelvic canal

Where sperm is deposited in many species

vagina is very long in the canine

Question 20

Vulva

Answer 20

External opening of femal repro tract

Confirmation is very imprtant in equine