Anatomy Flashcards
Where do branches of abdo aorta come off?
T12 Coeliac trunk L1 Superior mesenteric artery L2 Testicular artery and renal artery L3 Inferior mesenteric artery L4 Bifurcation of aorta
What artery is PICA a branch of?
Vertebral artery
Where is hypoglossal canal?
Occipital bone
Which sulcus separates the brain lobes?
Frontal and parietal - central
Frontal and temporal - lateral
Parietal and occipital - parieto-occipital
Which branch of CN VII loops around aorta to ascend into neck?
Left recurrent laryngeal
Nerves of the mediastinum
Middle - phrenic
What does posterior IV artery supply?
Posterior 1/3 of IV septum
Where is the aortic vestibule?
LV
Which artery arches over root of left lung?
Aorta (continues as desc aorta afterwards)
Chest nerves, medial to lateral
Recurrent laryngeal, vagus, phrenic
RRL hooks under subclavian and doesn’t enter chest, LRL hooks under AoA and enters chest
What is the coronary sulcus?
Separates atrium from ventricle and contains R coronary artery
What 2 vessels run together down anterior IV heart sulcus?
Great cardiac vein
Anterior IV artery
What vein is likely to be compressed by thymic tumour?
Brachiocephalic vein
Posterior border of anterior mediastinum?
Anterior border of pericardium
Posterior border of superior mediastinum
T1-4
Types of skeletal muscle
Circular - orbicularis oculi Fusiform - biceps brachii Flat w aponeuro - ext. oblique Pennate - deltoid Quadrate - rectus abs.
Female repro system
Ovary, fibrae, infundibulum (funnel), ampulla, isthmus, uterus body, cervix, vagina
What is in the spermatic cord?
Vas deferens
Test. artery
Pampiniform plexus of veins
What are the features of the neck, moving inferiorly?
Hyoid bone Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Thyroid gland Tracheal rings
Valve auscultation areas
Aortic - 2nd R IC, sternal edge
Pulmonary - 2nd L IC, sternal edge
Tricuspid - 4th L IC, sternal edge
Bicuspid/mitral - 5th L IC, mid-clavicular
Which fossa do each CN enter/exit?
Anterior - CN I
Middle - CN II - VI
Posterior - VII - XII
Sections of spinal cord/vertebral column
Spinal Cord 8C 12T 5L 5S 1C Ends at L1/L2 IV disc level
Vertebral Column 7C 12T 5L 5S 4C
Cauda equina
Lumbar and sacral spinal nerve roots have to descend in the vertebral canal to their respective intervertebral
foraminae
Which vertebrae are spinal nerves named after?
The vert above it
Except in cervical where it’s the one below
e.g. C8 exits between C7 and T1
Where do sensory and motor axons pass through?
Sensory - spinal nerve -> (dorsal) posterior roots -> posterior rootlets -> posterior horn of spinal cord
Motor - (ventral) anterior horn -> anterior rootlets -> anterior root -> spinal nerve
Dermatomes
C3/4 - shoulder tip
T4 - nipple
T10 - umbilicus
Cervical plexuses
Cervical plexus - C1-C4 anterior rami - Posterior scalp, neck wall, and diaphragm Brachial plexus - C5-T1 anterior rami - Upper limb Lumbar plexus - L1-L4 anterior rami - Lower limb Sacral plexus - L5-S4 anterior rami - Lower limb, gluteal region and perineum
Which vessels run down either side of the sternum?
Internal thoracic artery and vein
Diphragmatic openings from anterior to posterior
Caval opening for IVC (T8) Oeso hiatus (T10) Aortic hiatus (T12)
Where is pectoralis minor attached?
Coracoid process of scapula
Transverse thoracic plane
Between sternal angle and T4/5
Thoracic inlet/outlet
Bounded by ribs 1, T1 and jugular notch
Anterior mediastinum
Between sternum and fibrous peri
Thymus gland
Middle mediastinum
Peri, heart, parts of great vessels that connect w heart
Essentially j the heart sac
Posterior mediastinum
Everything behind heart
From medial to lateral - trachea, vagus, thoracic duct, azygous, sympathetic chain
Also thoracic aorta on left and oesophagus
Azygous vein and intercostal vein
Azygous - arching anteriorly, superior to the lung root to drain into the SVC
Intercostal - Draining posteriorly into the azygous vein
Lymphatic drainage of body
Thoracic - left chest, head/neck, arm, everything below ribs
Right venous - right arm, chest, head/neck
Lymphatic drainage of body
Thoracic - left chest, head/neck, arm, everything below ribs
Right venous - right arm, chest, head/neck
Course of thoracic duct
Runs w azygous on R, crosses oeso, underneath brachiocephalic vein, over L venous angle
Superior mediastinum
Manubrium and above/arch of aorta From lateral to medial: phrenic nerves vagus nerves recurrent laryngeal nerves
From anterior to posterior: brachiocephalic veins & SVC arch of aorta & the origin of its 3 branches trachea oesophagus thoracic duct
Superior mediastinum
Manubrium and above/arch of aorta From lateral to medial: phrenic nerves vagus nerves recurrent laryngeal nerves
From anterior to posterior: brachiocephalic veins & SVC arch of aorta & the origin of its 3 branches trachea oesophagus thoracic duct
Function of transversus thoracis
Depresses ribs in forced insp
Which liver lobe touches portal triad?
Caudate
