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Year 1 Incorrect Questions > 09/05/22 > Flashcards

09/05/22 Flashcards

1
Q

Calcium binds to what in the troponin complex

A

Troponin C

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2
Q

Vasodilation or constriction to fix a sudden decr in perfusion?

A

Vasodilation

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3
Q

What increases cerebral blood flow?

A

Incr partial press of CO2

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4
Q

Adenosine action

A

A2, vasodilates

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5
Q

Coronary arteries et most blood…

A

Diastole

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6
Q

How is baroreceptor info conveyed to brain?

A

Carotid sinus, CN IX, finite pressure range

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7
Q

Valves closed in isovol contraction

A

All of them

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8
Q

“An increase in end-diastolic volume leads to a subsequent increase in stroke volume”

what law does this describe?

A

Frank starling

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9
Q

Intercalated discs?

A

Join myocytes together, allow elec transmission

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10
Q

Why give saline in haemorrhage?

A

Decr haemoglobin conc

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11
Q

Cholera mechanisms

A

Reversal of the concentration gradient of ions

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12
Q

Macrocytic anaemia destroys wich cells of stomach….

A

Parietal (they synth intrinsic which is necessary for b12 abs)

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13
Q

Brunner’s gland location

A

Submucosa of DD

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14
Q

Which cells of the intestinal crypts contain digestive enzymes?

A

Enterocytes

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15
Q

What are ras mutations?

A

Gain of function, driver

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16
Q

Damage to ext anal sphincter can damage what physio process..

A

Somatic/voluntary activation

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17
Q

Saliva producing cranial nerves…

A

Facial, glossopharyngeal

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18
Q

Sickle cell causes jaundice via…

A

Excessive haemolysis

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19
Q

Pharyngeal arches give rise to…

A

Head and neck

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20
Q

Round of branching for full resp tree

A

16

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21
Q

Which organ rotates in emryonic dev?

A

STomach, 90deg to left

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22
Q

Central diaphragm tendon formed by…..

A

Septum transversum

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23
Q

Endoderm forms which gut layer..

A

Epitthelium

lungs, liver, panc, gallbladder

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24
Q

Canalicular stage…

A

Forms resp bronchioles

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25
Q

Which way does midgut rotate in development?

A

Anti-clockwise

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26
Q

Important side effect of aspirin (NSAID)

A

Abdo pain from gastric ulcers

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27
Q

Steroid withdrawa can cause which disease that can be treated with hydrocortisone?

A

Addisonian crisis

28
Q

What to investugate for in heparin induced thrombocytopenia?

A

Anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibodies

29
Q

Drug reducing alc cravings

A

Acamprosate

30
Q

What meds interact w warfarin?

A

Macrolide antibiotics (warf is metabolised by liver p450 enzymes)

31
Q

Don’t use isaphagula in which patients?

A

Frail, elderly, chronic constip

32
Q

Effect on blood from a2

A

Platelet aggregation

33
Q

Features of malignant hyperthermia

A

Musc contracture, acidosis, incr meta, dramatic incr in temp

34
Q

Methotrexate is co-prescribed with what else?

A

folic acid

35
Q

Donezipil can cause what heart issue?

A

Heart block (treat w external pacing)

36
Q

Common comp of MI in terms of murmurs

A

Pan-systolic

37
Q

First line `HT drug over 55

A

Ca blocker (amlodipine)

38
Q

Paroxysmal AF treatment

A

Oral flecainide or sotalol

39
Q

When to choose ICD?

A

Poor left vent ej fraction (e.g. HF) w maximum meds and good QoL
Prev episodes of VF/VT

40
Q

Mobitz 2

A

Heart skips a beat

41
Q

If HF patient is on max meds but can’t tolerate spironolacone anymore…

A

Hydralazine/nitrate (esp in AAs)

42
Q

Leads 1-3 and aVF changes?

A

inferior leads

43
Q

Changes in v1-3?

A

posterior

44
Q

leads v1-6, aVL?

A

LAD

45
Q

Important to remember in dischareging new asthmatics

A

Review technique and compliance

46
Q

PCO2 in life threatening asthma?

A

Normal

initially low in acute mod severe due to hypervent

47
Q

Investigation for mycoplasma

A

PCR

48
Q

First lines for PE

A

Haem stable/no HT - anticoag e.g. rivaroxaban oral

Haem unstable - thrombolysis e.g. IV alteplase

49
Q

Pneumonia assoc w herpes/mouth ulcers

A

Strep

50
Q

Which enzye decr metabolism of warfarin and incr INR?

A

Isoniazid (hep enzyme inhib)

51
Q

First line for variceal bleeding

A

variceal band ligation (VBL)

52
Q

Upper GI bleeding assoc w cirrhosis?

A

Most likely infection - IV antibios

53
Q

First line inv for hemochromatosis

A

Transferrin sats

54
Q

First line inv for coeliac

A

total IgA plus IgA tTG

55
Q

Typhoid features

A

Diarrhoea etc in early stages
Fever, heacahe, cough, anorexia, sore throat
ROSE SPOTS

56
Q

Coeliac can cause what systemic issue requiring DEXA scan?

A

Reduced bone mineral density

57
Q

Enzyme causing ulcers in ZE?

A

Gastrin

58
Q

Peptic ulcers resistant to H pylori eradication?

A

ZE syndrome

59
Q

Frist line for remission in Crohn’s flare not on any meds?

A

Corticosteroids e.g. prednisolone

60
Q

When to use azathioprine in Crohn’s?

A

Induce remission if insufficient response to glucocorticoids

61
Q

Why condition can campylobacter cause?

A

Guillain-barre

62
Q

How do bacteria bcome resistnat by altering their membr?

A

Mutations leading to downregulation of porin genes, causing fewer porins to be inserted in the outer membrane, preventing antibiotics from travelling through the lipid bilayer

63
Q

G6PD haemolytic anaemia mode of inheritance

A

X-linked recessive

64
Q

Features of chlamydia trachomatis

A

Watery eyes, reduced vision, white lumps, entropion

65
Q

Diff blood type mutation

A

Epistasis

66
Q

Most common cause of trisomy 21

A

Non-dysjunction

67
Q

Western blotting can differentiate…

A

Normal/mutated DNA

Year 1 Incorrect Questions (7 decks)

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