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Cardiology Scribe > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Aorta

A

Main artery leaving the heart

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2
Q

Arteries

A

Vessels that transport oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

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3
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Special arteries which supply the heart muscle with blood.

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4
Q

Left Main coronary artery

A

Divides into two branches: the circumflex artery and the left anterior descending artery.

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5
Q

Circumflex artery

A

Supplies blood to the left atrium and the side and back of the left ventricle.

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6
Q

Left anterior descending artery (LAD)

A

Supplies blood to the front and bottom of the left ventricle and the front of the septum.

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7
Q

Right Coronary Artery

A

Supplies blood to the right atrium, right ventricle, bottom portion of the left ventricle, and the back of the septum.

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8
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Carries blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.

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9
Q

Veins

A

Vessels that transport blood back to the heart after the oxygen has been used by the body.

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10
Q

Coronary veins

A

Take oxygen-poor blood that has already been “used” by muscles of the heart and return it to the right atrium.

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11
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

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12
Q

Valves

A

1-way opening that prevent back flow of blood

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13
Q

Aortic valve

A

The valve that sits at the junction of the left ventricle and the aorta. When the valve is open it allows blood to flow from the left ventricle to the aorta, and when closed, prevents any backward flow.

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14
Q

Mitral valve

A

The valve that sits between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

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15
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

The valve that sits at the junction of the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.

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16
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

The valve that sits between the right atrium and the right ventricle.

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17
Q

Pericardium

A

Fluid filled cavity that surrounds the heart, to hold it in place and provide a barrier to other organs.

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18
Q

4 chambers of the heart

A
  1. R ventricle
  2. L ventricle
  3. R atrium
  4. L atrium
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19
Q

R & L atrium receive blood from

A

veins

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20
Q

R & L ventricles pump blood away from the heart via

A

arteries

21
Q

R side is ___ and manages _____ _____

A

smaller, pulmonary circulation

22
Q

L side is ____ and manages ___________

A

larger, circulation of blood to the rest of the body

23
Q

Blood flow through the heart

A
  1. Deoxygenated blood returns through the Superior Vena Cava and Inferior Vena Cava
  2. Enters the R atrium
  3. Tricuspid valve
  4. R ventricle
  5. Pulmonary semilunar valve
  6. Pulmonary artery
  7. LUNGS
  8. Return oxygenated blood through the pulmonary veins
  9. Enters the L atrium
  10. Mitral valve
  11. L ventricle
  12. Aortic semilunar valve
  13. Aorta
  14. BODY
24
Q

Pulmonary Circuit

A

Deoxygenated blood leaves the right ventricle via the pulmonary artery and carries blood to the lungs. Once oxygenated, it returns to the L atrium via the pulmonary vein.

25
Q

Systemic Circuit

A

Oxygenated blood leaves the L ventricle via the aorta to deliver blood and oxygen to muscles and other parts of the body. The deoxygenated blood then returns to the R atrium via the vena cava.

26
Q

Electrical signal order - 1 full cycle = heart beat

A
  1. SA node
  2. AV node
  3. AV bundles, L and R bundle of His
  4. Purkinje fibers
  5. Once the ventricles contract, the R ventricle pumps blood to your lungs while the L ventricle pumps blood to the rest of your body.
27
Q

SA node

A

Located in the R atrium, below the superior vena cava.

Signals the atria to contract.

28
Q

AV node

A

Located in the R atrium

Sends signals to the AV bundles

29
Q

AV bundles, Bundle of His

A

Branches off into L and R bundle branches

Branches extend through the heart to the apex

30
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

Fingers the branch throughout the ventricles to the bundle branches
Carries impulses to the walls of the ventricles, signaling the ventricles to contract and pump blood out of the heart

31
Q

Heart Auscultation

A
  • S1: lub
  • S2: lub-dub
  • S3: lub-dub-ta
  • S4: ta-lub-dub
32
Q

S1 - first sound

A

caused by closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves and the two sounds tend to merge as one.

33
Q

S2 - second sound

A

caused by closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves.

34
Q

S3 - third sound

A

caused by the oscillation of blood back and forth between the walls of the ventricles initiated by blood rushing in from the atria.

35
Q

S4 - fourth sound

A

caused by the sound of blood being forced into a stiff or hypertrophic ventricle.

36
Q

Murmur

A

Sounds during the heartbeat cycle made by turbulent blood in or near the heart.

37
Q

Systolic murmur

A

A sound heard during systole; they can be classified by when the murmur begins and ends, between S1 and S2.

38
Q

Diastolic murmur

A

A sound heard during diastole; implies some alteration of anatomy or function of the cardiovascular structures.

39
Q

Gallop

A

Rhythm of the heart on auscultation, including three or four sounds, resembling the sounds of a gallop

40
Q

Rub

A

The rubbing together of inflamed membranes of the pericardium, as may occur in pericarditis or after a myocardial infarction.

41
Q

S2 is best heard at ____ using stethoscope

A

pulmonary area

42
Q

S1 is best heard at ____ apex using stethoscope

A

mitral area

43
Q

Heart sound intensity

A

Grade I - VI

44
Q

Grade I - Lowest

A

Difficult to hear

45
Q

Grade II - Low

A

Audible upon auscultation

46
Q

Grade III - Medium

A

Easy to hear, even by inexperienced listeners, but without a palpable thrill.

47
Q

Grade IV - Medium

A

With palpable thrill

48
Q

Grade V - Loud

A

with a palpable thrill; audible even with the stethoscope placed on the chest with the edge of the diaphragm.

49
Q

Grade VI - Loudest

A

with a palpable thrill; audible even with the stethoscope raised above the chest.

Cardiology Scribe (7 decks)

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