Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHAY0003 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of the body is anterior?

A

The front

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which part of the body is posterior?

A

The back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which part of the body is superior?

A

Top

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which part of the body is inferior?

A

Bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which part of the body is medial?

A

Towards the centre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which part of the body is lateral

A

Towards the edges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which part of the body is proximal?

A

Towards a point of attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which part of the body is distal?

A

Away from a point of attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the coronal plane?

A

Divides the front and back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the sagittal plane?

A

Divides left and right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the transverse plane?

A

Divides top and bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 4 types of tissues in the body?

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is epithelial tissue and give an example of where it is found

A

Layers of cells that cover the exterior surface of the body, lines organs, internal cavities and passageways. They are involved in secretion, absorption, protection and transcellular transport. E.g skin, lining or organs, lining of blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is connective tissue and give an example of where it is found

A

Tissue that forms a matric beneath epithelial tissue and connects and supports the framework of most organs. E.g bones, ligaments, tendons and adipose tissue (fat). They are involved in transport of fluid, nutrients, waste and chemical messengers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissues

A

Skeletal, smooth and cardiac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe skeletal muscle

A

Attached to bones and are involved in voluntary movements of the body. They are long striated fibres with several nuclei along the membranes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What causes striation of skeletal muscles?

A

Regular alteration of actin and myosin along with structural proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe smooth muscle

A

Responsible for involuntary movement in the internal organs, airways and arteries. Each cell is spindle shaped with a single nucleus and no striations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe cardiac muscle

A

Forms the contractile walls of the heart. Cells are striated with a single centrally located nucleus and are connected to each other via intercalated discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the 2 main functions of nervous tissue?

A

Integration and communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 2 types of nervous tissue?

A

Neurones and neuroglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are neurones?

A

Excitable, they propagate the information via electro-chemical impulses, e.g sensory neurones, motor neurones and interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are neuroglia?

A

They support neurones and modulate the information propagation. E.g astrocytes, microglia, enteric glia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does the integumentary system include?

A

Skin, hair, nails, glands and the subcutaneous tissue below the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the 4 main functions of the integumentary system

A

Protect the body from environmental factors
Prevent dehydration
Act as a sensory organ
Synthesise vitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What does the skeletal system consist of?

A

Bones, cartilage, ligaments and tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the 2 main functions of bone?

A

To provide a rigid frame.

To metabolise calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What makes the brain less vulnerable to injury?

A

The fused bones of cranium that surround the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What helps to protect the spinal chord?

A

The vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What helps to protect the heart and lungs of the thorax

A

The rib cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Where does the formation of blood cells occur?

A

Red marrow of the bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is involved in the muscular system?

A

Muscle fibres that are able to contract and produce movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What controls skeletal muscle?

A

The central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What controls smooth musucle?

A

The autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What does the lymphatic system consist of?

A

Lymph (a fluid), vessels that transport lymph and organs that contain lymphoid tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is lymph?

A

A fluid that is of a similar composition to blood plasma and is derived from the interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the role of lymph?

A

To return proteins and excess fluid to the bloodstream so that oedema is prevented and normal blood volume and pressure is maintained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Which direction do lymphatic vessels only flow in?

A

Away from tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Where are lymphatic capillaries found?

A

All regions of the body except the bone marrow, CNS and tissues that lack blood vessels

40
Q

Where do lymphocytes originate?

A

Red bone marrow

41
Q

What are lymphocytes carried in to reach the lymphatic organs?

A

The blood

42
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A

A type of white blood cell, there are 2 types: B and T cells

43
Q

What do lymphatic organs consist of?

A

Lymphocytes and other cells that are associated with connective tissue fibres

44
Q

Describe the immune response from lymphatic organs

A

Lymphocytes within the lymphatic system are released by lymphatic organs to the site of the invasion of foreign substances

45
Q

What is the spleen?

A

It filters blood by producing lymphocytes in response to pathogens and is located in the upper left abdominal cavity

46
Q

What are macrophages?

A

A type of white blood cell that engulfs and digests foreign molecules

47
Q

What is the thymus?

A

A soft organ that is located under the chest one and is the most active in children. It is gradually replaced by adipose tissue and is associated with the lymphatic system and endocrine system. It is responsible for the development of T-cells.

48
Q

What does the respiratory system consist of? (6)

A

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree and lungs

49
Q

What stimulates the breathing process?

A

Nerve impulses

50
Q

Generally, what happens within the respiratory system?

A

An exchange of gases between the lungs and blood, the blood transports the gases to and from the tissue cells enabling cells to use the O2

51
Q

What does the cardiovascular system consist of?

A

The heart and a system of vessels

52
Q

What is the function of the cardiovascular system?

A

To supply blood to the rest of the body and to maintain homeostasis (e.g temperature, defence against infection and transport of hormones)

53
Q

What does the digestive system consist of?

A

The digestive tract and its accessory organs that process food into molecules

54
Q

What is the digestive tract?

A

A long continuous tube that extends from the mouth to the anus

55
Q

Give 3 accessory organs what are involved in digestion

A

Salivary glands, liver and pancreas

56
Q

What are accessory organs?

A

Organs that assist the functionality of other organs

57
Q

Where does the liver get blood from?

A

Oxygenated blood from the aorta

Blood rich with nutrients from the digestive tract

58
Q

What are the main functions of the liver?

A

Secretion, synthesis of bile salts, filtering, excretion and carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism

59
Q

What is the gallbladder?

A

A pear-shape sac attached to the surface of the liver that stores bile which is a fluid produced by the liver

60
Q

What is the gallbladder involved in?

A

Digestion and absorption of fat

61
Q

What is the pancreas?

A

A long, soft organ that lies along the posterior (back) abdominal wall and stomach. the endocrine portion secretes glucagon and insulin which help with digestion

62
Q

What are the 4 components of the urinary system?

A

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra

63
Q

What is the role of the kidneys?

A

To filter blood, remove and excrete the waste products into the urine

64
Q

What do the ureters do?

A

Carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

65
Q

What does the urethra do?

A

Carry urine from the bladder to the outside

66
Q

What is the main function of the urinary system?

A

To maintain fluid homeostasis, regulate electrolytes in body fluids, maintain normal blood pH, pressure and control of red blood cell production

67
Q

What are the 4 main areas that hormones function for?

A

Control of reproduction, growth and development of the body, regulation of electrolyte composition of bodily fluids, control of energy metabolism

68
Q

What are the 2 endocrine glands in the brain?

A 
Pineal gland (regulates sleep)
Hypothalamus/ pituitary gland
69
Q

What controls most of the secretion from endocrine glands?

A

The anterior pituitary

70
Q

What do thyroid glands prodduce?

A

Thyroxine and calcitonin

71
Q

What do parathyroid glands secrete?

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) which is involved in calcium metabolism

72
Q

What do adrenal glands produce?

A

Adrenaline, noradrenaline, glucocorticoids

73
Q

What does the thymus produce?

A

Thymosin which stimulates the maturation of lymphocytes

74
Q

What are the 4 main functions of the reproductive system?

A

Produce egg and sperm cells
Transport egg and sperm cells
Development of the embryo
Production of hormones

75
Q

What does the male reproductive system consist of?

A

Testes, excretory ducts, seminal vesicles, prostate and the penis

76
Q

What does the female reproductive system consist of?

A

Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina and external genital organs

77
Q

What are the 2 parts to the nervous system?

A

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Central nervous system (CNS)

78
Q

What are the 2 components to the motor division of the peripheral nervous system?

A

The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system

79
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the PNS?

A

Afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor)

80
Q

What is the function of the somatic nervous system?

A

Supplies motor impulses to the skeletal muscles

81
Q

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Supplies motor impulses to cardiac and smooth muscles and to glands

82
Q

What are the 2 subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

83
Q

What makes up the CNS?

A

The brain and the spinal chord

84
Q

What are meninges?

A

Connective tissue that protects the brain and the spinal chord

85
Q

What is the role of the spinal cord?

A

Carries nerve signals between the brain and the rest of the body. Also serves as a reflex centre

86
Q

What are the 4 sections to the brain?

A

Cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem and cerebellum

87
Q

Describe the cerebrum

A

It is divided into 2 cerebral hemispheres and are connected by a band of white fibres, corpus callosum. Each hemisphere is then divided into 4 lobes

88
Q

Describe the diencephalon

A

The region of the brain on top of the brainstem and includes the thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus (pineal gland)

89
Q

What is the role of the thalamus?

A

A relay station for sensory inputs

90
Q

What system is the hypothalamus part of?

A

Endocrine system

91
Q

What are the 3 regions of the brains stem?

A

Midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata

92
Q

What is the midbrain associated with?

A

Vision, hearing, motor control, sleep and temperature regulation

93
Q

What is the role of pons in the brain stem?

A

A bridge between other parts of the brain

94
Q

Where is the medulla oblongata located

A

At the bottom of the brain and is connected to the spinal chord

95
Q

What are cerebellar peduncles?

A

3 paired myelinated nerve fibres that form communication pathways between the cerebellum and other parts of the CNS.

PHAY0003 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions