Anatomy Flashcards
What is the outer layer of the kidney called?
The Cortex
What does the urinary system consist of?
The kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra
What is the function of the urinary system?
To filter blood and subsequently produce, transport, store and intermittently excrete urine
What does the upper part of the urinary system consist of?
The kidney and a large portion of the ureters
What does the lower part of the urinary system consist of?
The pelvic urinary organs: the short portion of the ureters, the urinary bladder and the urethra
Where is the left kidney located?
It reaches around rib XI
Where is the right kidney located?
It reaches around rib XII
What is enclosed by the extraperitoneal fascia?
The kidneys and the suprarenal glands
What is the Renal hilum?
It is a deep vertical slit through which renal vessels, lymphatics, and nerves enter and leave the substances of the kidney.
What artery supplies the Kidneys?
A Renal Artery supplies each kidney
What is the Renal Artery?
It is a lateral branch of the abdominal aorta
Which of the renal arteries is higher?
The left renal artery
Which of the renal arteries is longer?
The right renal artery
Where are the renal veins located?
Anterior to the renal arteries
What is the function of the ureters?
To transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
What is the renal pelvis formed from?
It is formed from a condensation of 2 or 3 major calices, which are in turn formed by the condensation of several minor calices.
How do the ureters enter the pelvic cavity?
They pass through the pelvic inlet
Where are the ureters constricted?
- The ureteropelvic junction
- The pelvic brim (where they cross the common iliac vessels)
- Where they enter the wall of the bladder
What do arteries reaching the ureters divide to form?
The Longitudinal Anastomoses
What are the ureters innervated by?
The renal, aortic, superior hypogastric and inferior hypogastric plexuses
What spinal roots innervate the ureters?
T11 - L2
Where is the Bladder located?
In the pelvic cavity when empty but it expands into the abdominal cavity when full
What is the function of the fibromuscular bands?
They connect the neck and pelvic part of the urethra to the posteroinferior aspect of each pubic bone
What are the names of the fibromuscular bands?
The pubovesical ligaments in women
the puboprostatic ligaments in men
What arteries supplies the suprarenal glands?
Superior Suprarenal Arteries
Middle Suprarenal Arteries
Inferior Suprarenal Arteries
What innervates the suprarenal glands?
The preganglionic sympathetic fibres
What spinal roots innervate the suprarenal glands?
T8-L1
