anatomy

Question 1

muscles posterior to kidneys

Answer 1

laterally to medially:
transversus abdominis
quadratus lumborum
psoas major

superiorly: diaphragm

Question 2

the (right/left) kidney is the most superior

Answer 2

left is higher (rib XI and XII)

Question 3

what fat surrounds the kidney

Answer 3

perinephric fat (perirenal fat)

Question 4

what encloses the perinephric fat

Answer 4

extraperitoneal fascia (renal fascia)

Question 5

what surrounds the extraperitoneal/ renal fascia

Answer 5

paranephric fat

Question 6

what nerves pass posterior to the kidneys

Answer 6

iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

Question 7

where do the renal arteries arise from

Answer 7

inferior to the origin of superior mesenteric artery (between LI and LII)

Question 8

which renal artery is more superior

Answer 8

left renal artery (superior, shorter)

Question 9

which renal artery is more inferior

Answer 9

right renal artery (inferior, longer)

Question 10

as renal artery reaches the hilum, it divides into

Answer 10

anterior and posterior branches

Question 11

what do you call supernumery renal arteries that dont go through the hilum

Answer 11

extrahilar arteries

Question 12

lymphatic drainage of each kidney is directed where

Answer 12

to the lateral aortic (lumbar) nodes

Question 13

where are the lateral aortic (lumbar) nodes located

Answer 13

around origin of the renal artery

Question 14

ureter constriction locations

Answer 14

ureteropelvic junction
pelvic inlet (where ureters cross common iliac vessels)
entry of ureters into wall of bladder

Question 15

what irrigates upper end of ureter

Answer 15

renal arteries

Question 16

what irrigates middle part of ureter

Answer 16

branches from abdominal aorta, testicular/ ovarian arteries and common iliac arteries

Question 17

what irrigates ureter in pelvic cavity

Answer 17

one or more arteries from branches of internal iliac arteries

Question 18

uretic innervation is from

Answer 18

renal, aortic, superior hypogastric and inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 19

visceral efferent fibers come from … for innervation of ureter

Answer 19

sympathetic and parasympathetic sources

Question 20

visceral afferent fibers return to … spinal cord levels for ureter innervation

Answer 20

T11 to L2 spinal cord levels

Question 21

anterior to right suprrarenal gland is

Answer 21

part of right lobe of liver and inferior vena cava

Question 22

anterior to left suprrarenal gland is

Answer 22

part of stomach, pancreas, and sometimes spleen

Question 23

posterior to both suprrarenal glands is

Answer 23

part of diaphragm

Question 24

3 sources of arterial supply to suprrarenal glands

Answer 24

superior middle and inferior suprrarenal arteries

Question 25

which suprrarenal vein is is longer

Answer 25

left suprrarenal vein

Question 26

suprrarenal gland is mainly innervated by

Answer 26

preganglionic sympathetic fibers

spinal levels T8 - L1

Question 27

what spinal levels innervate the suprrarenal glands

Answer 27

T8 - L1