Anatomy

Question 1

At the spinal cord, does the sensory neurone arrive in the ventral horn or dorsal horn?

Answer 1

Sensory neurone - ventral horn

Motor neurone - dorsal horn

Question 2

Describe foot eversion and inversion

Answer 2

Foot eversion - ankles pointing in, very (very) rare to cause ankle sprain
Foot inversion - ankles pointing out

Question 3

What are the three compartments of the thigh region and which nerves innervate each one

Answer 3

Anterior - Femoral nerve
Medial - Obturator nerve
Posterior - Sciatic nerve

Question 4

Which is the more lateral, the Biceps Femoris, Semi Tendinous or the Semi Membranous

Answer 4

From medial to lateral
Semi Membranous
Semi Tendinous
Biceps Femoris

Question 5

What are the 4 compartment in the Leg and which nerves innervate them

Answer 5

Anterior - Deep Peroneal Nerve
Lateral - Superficial Peroneal Nerve
Posterior Superficial - Tibial Nerve
Posterior Deep - Tibial Nerve

Question 6

What is compartment syndrome?

Answer 6

Building up pressure within a fascia - extremely painful
Can be cause by a tibial fracture
Treatment is caused by cutting a huge incision in the leg

Question 7

What is sciatica and what are the common causes for it ?

Answer 7

Radiopathy of the sciatic nerve - compression of the never at the root

Can get Sciatica like symptoms if you damage the sciatic nerve by

• piriformes syndrome (compressing on it)
• over exercising if gluteus
• badly placed injection
• hip dislocation

Question 8

What are the two primary lymph organs ?

Answer 8

Thymus and Bone Marrow

Question 9

What are the two lineages of cells after the common progenitor cell?

Answer 9

• Lymphoid (cells of adaptive + NK cells)

- Myeloid (cells of innate + RBC + platelets)

Question 10

What is commonly used to treat myosthenia gravis and how does it work ?

Answer 10

Neostigmine - Binds and inhibits AcH esterase

Question 11

Where does the radius come into contact with the humerus and what happens if it’s damaged

Answer 11

Travels down the radial grove - post epiphysis - wrist drop

Question 12

What nerve innervates the deltoid muscle

Answer 12

Axillary

Question 13

What is Saturday Night Palsy ?

Answer 13

Patient falls asleep with hand over chair - damage to radial nerve - brachioradialis damaged ,

Question 14

What are the borders of the cubital fossa?

Answer 14

Sup - epicondylar line
Medial - pronator teres
Lateral - brachioradialis

Question 15

What are the 3 borders of the Axilla region ?

Answer 15

Clavicule
Deltoid
Pectoralis major

Question 16

What are the characteristic of a Smiths Fracture ?

Answer 16

Extra articular fracture of the radial head, ventral angulation

Question 17

What palpable artery goes through anatomical snuff box ?

Answer 17

Radial artery and start of cephalic vein

Question 18

Which arteries supply the 3 compartments of the leg ?

Answer 18

Anterior - Femoral

Posterior and medial - deep Femoral

Question 19

Which arteries supply each 4 compartments of the leg

Answer 19

Anterior and lateral - anterior tibial

Posterior superficial and deep - post tibial artery

Question 20

Describe a Tredenlemberg gait

Answer 20

Weakness in abductors - hip pops out to one side when they walk

Question 21

What happens during a foot drop gait ?

Answer 21

Damage to the deep Peroneal - damage to the anterior compartment of the leg

Question 22

Describe a Parkinson’s gait

Answer 22

Pill rolling and little steps

Question 23

Describe a hemiplegic gait

Answer 23

1 leg is fully extended and internally rotated, so they swing leg around

Question 24

Describe an Equinus gait

Answer 24

The «high heel» gait, due to muscle shortness or tightness