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Cardiovascular System > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The function of the cardiovascular system is to transport. It will ________ a cells requirements to it and _________ waste efficiently.

A

a. deliver

b. remove

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2
Q

What is the anatomical position of the heart?

A

In the thoracic cavity

- medial to the lungs and superior to the diaphragm.

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3
Q

Name the 4 chambers of the heart.

A

left atrium and right atrium (atria - plural)

left ventricle, right ventricle

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4
Q

What are the 4 heart valves and their function.

A 
The function of the 4 valves are to prevent backflow of blood. 
Atrioventricular Valves (AV)
Semilunar valves (SL).
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5
Q

There are two AV valves, what are they?

A

Tricuspid valve - right and has 3 cusps.
Bicuspid Valve - left and has 2 cusps.
These are anchored by chordae tendineae.

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6
Q

Name the two semilunlar valves?

A

Pulmonary SL valve - right side.

Aortic SL valve - left side.

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7
Q

Veins transport blood to the heart. Name the two veins that bring blood back into the right atrium?

A

Superior vena cava.

inferior vena cava.

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8
Q

The left & right pulmonary veins bring blood back into what atrium?

A

The left atrium.

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9
Q

Endocardium is the inner most layer of the heart walls. What are the other two?

A

Myocardium - middle layer.

Epicardium which has the visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium.

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10
Q

Endocardium is a simple squamous epithelium and thin connective tissue. What is the function of this layer of the heart?

A

It lines the chambers to create a smooth, frictionless surface for the blood to move over.

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11
Q

What layer of the heart is the cardiac muscle?

A

the Myocardium - formed by striated muscles, contracts, creating a force that will move blood through and out of the heart.

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12
Q

The outer layer of the heart is a double layered sac surrounding the heart. What layer anchors the heart to surrounding structures and prevents from overfilling?

A

The parietal pericardium.

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13
Q

The intrinsic conduction system of the heart provides a pathway for electrical impulses that causes what layer of the heart to contract?

A

Myocardium.

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14
Q

What causes valves to open in the heart and blood to move through?

a. Difference in blood pressure.
b. It is automatic nerve response.
c. AV valve receives an impulse to open.

A

The valves open and close in response to differences in blood pressure of their two side.
Heart valves allow blood to flow in one direction only.

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15
Q

What is the function of blood vessels in the body?

A

They are the tubes that transport blood around the body and the pumping of the heart generates the pressure.

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16
Q

The name of blood vessels is dependent on three different features. One is the size, what are the other two?

A

Direction of travel.
Composition of walls.
Size

17
Q

What is the name of the space tin the centre of the blood vessel where the blood flows?

a. Tunica Intima
b. Venule
c. Lumen
d. Artery

A

It is the lumen.

18
Q

The tunica intima of the blood vessel is simple squamous epithelium, what is the function of this structure in the blood vessel?

A

The main function of the tunica intima is to minimise friction as blood moves over it.

19
Q

The tunica media (middle layer) is the smooth muscle of the blood vessel. What is the main function of this part of the blood vessel?

A

It will contract and relax to change the diameter of the blood vessel lumen.

20
Q

Vasodilation is when blood flow through the blood vessel increases. What part of the vessel changes?

A

The lumen becomes wider to increase blood flow.

21
Q

What is vasoconstriction of the blood vessel?

A

It is where the blood flow through the vessel decreases, lumen is narrow and the smooth muscle in the blood vessel contracts.

22
Q

The capillary wall is made up of thin simple squamous epthielium. What is its main function?

A

It allows substances (oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and wastes) to diffuse easily between blood and interstital fluid.

23
Q

The pulmonary circuit is one of two circulations of the cardiovascular system, what is the other one?

A

Systemic circuit.

24
Q

The heart has its own circulation system, what is it?

a. pulmonary circuit
b. systemic circuit
c. coronary circulation.

A

c. Coronary circulation.

This is due to the blood within the hearts chambers provides very little nutrition to the heart itself.

25
Q

The pulmonary circuits starts at the _________ ventricle and pumps in to the_______.

A

Starts at the right ventricle and pumps into the pulmonary trunk.

26
Q

What circuit exchanges gases in the pulmonary capillaries, loosing carbon dioxide and gaining oxygen?

A

The pulmonary circuit.

27
Q

The systemic circuit pumps blood from left ventricle into the aorta and ______ arteries?

A

Systemic arteries.

28
Q

There are 6 major cardiac veins, coronary sinus and the great cardiac vein. What are the other four?

A

Superior / Anterior vena cava.
Small cardiac vein.
Middle cardiac vein.

29
Q

What is blood flow?

A

The volume of blood passing through a vessel, organ or the entire circulation in a given period of time.
It is measured mL/min.

30
Q

There are two types of blood flow. What are they?

A

Laminar Flow

Turbulent Flow

31
Q

Increased haematocrit will increase the resistance in blood flow. What are three other factors that will increase resistance?

A

Vasconstriction
Increased body mass
Dehydration

32
Q

What three factors will decrease resistance in blood flow?

A

Vasodilation
Decrease blood vessel length.
decrease haematocrit.

33
Q

When blood flow is smooth, it is described as:

a. Laminar flow
b. Turbulent flow
c. Blood pressure
d. Vasconstriction

A

Laminar Flow - where there are fewer obstruction and blood flows smoothly.

34
Q

What is turbulent flow described as?

A

When blood flow has to an abrupt change in vessel size or must flow past a partial obstruction.

Cardiovascular System (5 decks)

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