Anatomy Flashcards
What is the nerve that supplies the face?
Trigeminal nerve
What three nerves make up the trigeminal nerve?
Opthalmic (V1)
Maxillary (V2)
Mandibular (V3)
Which nerve is the largest division of the trigeminal nerve?
V3 - Mandibular nerve
Are the sensory and motor fibres in the mandibular nerve afferent or efferent?
The sensory are afferent and the motor are efferent
What do the efferent motor fibres innervate?
Muscles of mastication
Mylohyoid muscle
Anterior belly of the digastric muscle
Tensor Veli paatini muscle
Tensor tympani muscles
The efferent motor fibres of the mandibular nerve innervate the Tensor Tympani muscles, what does this nerve then divide into?
Divides into anterior and posterior trunks
Anterior trunk is muscular
The posterior trunk is sensory
The anterior trunk of the of the mandibular nerve gives rises to motor branches which supply which mucles?
Masticatory
Long Buccal
Whcih nerve branches from the mandibular nerve
Inferior alveolar nerve and lingual nerves
Where in the facial anatomy do the inferior alveolar nerve and lingual nerves branch?
Just below the foramen ovale
Which muscles do do the inferior alveolar and lingual nerves pass between?
Lateral and medial pterygoid muscle
The inferior alveolar nerve branches from the mandibular nerve just below the foramen ovale, wher does it travel to next?
The inferior alveolar nerve enters the mandibular foramen along with its artery
What is the mean distance from the mandibular foramen to the anterior border of teh ramus?
16.8mm - 23.2mm
What is the mean distance from the mandibular foramen to the posterior border?
10.0mm - 17.8mm
where is the inferior alveolar artery located in relation to the inferior alveolar nerve?
posterior or posteriolateral
What nerve branches off the inferior alveolar nerve?
Mental nerve
Which foramen does the mental nerve come out of?
Mental foramen
Where is the mental foramen located?
Between the apices of the premolar teeth
Where does the mental nerve supply sensation to?
Skin of the chin
Lower lip
mucosa of lip
gingiva attachments
Some gingiva posterior to the mental foramen is innervated by which nerve?
Buccal nerve
What nerve is the largest branch of the posterior trunk of the mandibular nerve?
Lingual Nerve
Where does the lingual nerve emerge between?
After leaving the inferior alveolar merve where does the lingual nerve join?
Chorda Tympani
What is the route for the lingual nerve entering the mouth?
Runs downwards across the medial pterygoid and enters the mouth by passing under the lower border of the inferior constrictor of the pharynx and contacts the mandible behing the third molar
Where else does the lingual nerve provide sensation for?
Anterior 2/3 of the tongue, floor of the mouth and the lingual aspect of the mandilbe
In order to carry out exodontia or minor oral surgery on the mandibular teeth which nerves must be anaesthetised?
Inferior alveolar nerve
Mental nerve
Long buccal nerve
Lingual nerve
What is the angle that a buccal infiltration should be injected?
45 degrees
Which fibres does the maxillary nerve carry?
Sensory
Through what does the maxillary nerve enter the pterygopalatine fossa?
Foramen Rotundum
Once the maxillary nerve has passed through the foramen rotundum what does it give off branches to?
Sphenopalatine ganglion
What are the three nerves that pass through the sphenopalatine ganglion?
Nasopalatine nerve
Greater palatine
Lesser palatine
Once it has branched off the spenopalatine nerve, where does the nasopalatine nerve pass along, through which canal and emerges where?
Passes along the nasal septum and through the incisive canal and emerges at the incisive foramen on the anterior aspect of the hard palate
Once the greater and lesser palatine nerves have passed through the sphenopalatine ganglion where does it travel to?
Travels inferiorly through the greater and lesser palatine foramen
Where is the greater and lesser palatine foramen located in the mouth?
The greater palatine foramen is located medial to the distal surface of the upper second molar
The lesser palatine foramen is more posterior
Which teeth does the greater palatine nerve supply?
Molar to canine
What tissues does the lesser palatine nerve supply?
Soft palate and Uvula
After the sphenopalatine branches the nerve gives off 2 more braches which are…?
Zygomatic and Posterior superior alveolar nerve
What does the zygomatic nerve divide into and what does it supply?
Temporal and facial branches and supplies some of the skin of the temple and the skin overlying the zygomatic bone
After branching off the sphenopalatine nerve the posterior superior alveolar nerve it passes inferiorly along the posterior surface of the maxilla and enters the bone 1cm superior and posterior to which tooth?
Third molar
What does the posterior superior alveolar nerve supply and what is the exception?
Pulp of all molar teeth apart from the mesio-buccal pulp of the first molar which is most likely to be supplied by the middle superior alveolar nerve
After the last branch of the maxillary nerve is given off where does it travel to?
Passes anteriorly through the inferior orbital fissure into the orbital cavity
Once the maxillary nerve has entered the infra-orbital canal which nerve does it give off? But what is the exception?
Middle superior alveolar nerve
However this nerve is not present in 50% of people
The middle superior alveolar nerve travels travels down the lateral wal of the maxillary antrum to supply the pulps of which teeth?
Upper premolars and mesio-buccal pulp of the first molar
The maxillary nerve continues to travel after the middle superior alveolar nerve has brached off and what is this nerve now called?
Infra orbital nerve
The anterior superior alveolar nerve travels along the roof of the maxillary antrum and decends within the anterior wall of the maxilla to supply which teeth?
Pulps of the upper incisors and canines
Where does the terminal branch of the infra orbital nerve emerge frim and what does it supply?
It emerges from the infra orbital foramen and supplies the skin of the face between the eye and nostril and the full thickness of the upper lip on that side
