Anatomy

Question 1

5 parts of the diencephalon

Answer 1

1. Epithalamus
2. Thalamus
3. Hypothalamus
   4 sub-thalamus
4. Metathalamus
   (3rd ventricle)

Question 2

Myelin sheath in CNS made up of?

Answer 2

Oligodendrocyte

Question 3

Myelin sheath in PNS made up of?

Answer 3

Schwann cells

Question 4

Medial geniculate body relays what information?

Answer 4

Auditory

‘Music’ goes to “medial”

Question 5

Lateral geniculate body relays what information?

Answer 5

Visual

“Light” goes to “lateral”

Question 6

Where do fibres to the medial geniculate body project from and to?

Answer 6

Receive auditory input from brachium of inf colliculus

Project to primary auditory Cortex (and amygdaloid body for memory modulation)

Question 7

Where do fibres in lateral geniculate body project from and to?

Answer 7

Visual input from optic tract, superior colliculus

To primary visual cortex

Question 8

What does the metathalamus consist of?

Answer 8

Lateral and medial geniculate bodies

Question 9

Where is the metathalamus

Answer 9

Beneath pulvinar of thalamus

Question 10

2 names for the flocculonodular lobe

Answer 10

Archicerebellum
Vestibulocerebellum
FAV

Question 11

3 names for the functional division of the cerebellum consisting of the lateral hemispheres

Answer 11

Cerebrocerebellum
Neocerebellum
Pontocerebellum
(Cerebellum not pretty)

Question 12

2 names for the functional division of the cerebellum consisting of the vermis and intermediate zones

Answer 12

Paleocerebellum
Spinocerebellum
ps

Question 13

Paleocerebellum function (4)

Answer 13

Regulate body movements by allowing for error correction
Muscle tone maintenance.
Proprioception!
Coordination of skilled movement!

Question 14

Spinocerebellum connects to which part of the brainstem and how?

Answer 14

Medulla oblongata via the inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 15

Neocerebellum function (4)

Answer 15

Regulate coordination of muscle activation!
Planning movements
NB in visually guided movements
Motor learning

Question 16

Cerebrocerebellum connect to which part of the brainstem and how?

Answer 16

Pons via middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 17

Pontocerebellum receives input from? (2)

Answer 17

Cerebral cortex and pontine nuclei

Question 18

Neocerebellum sends output to? (2)

Answer 18

Thalamus and red nucleus

Question 19

Archicerebellum function (3)

Answer 19

Balance
Eye coordination
Ocular reflexes : fixation

Question 20

Vestibulocerebellum connect to which part of brainstem and how?

Answer 20

Midbrain via superior cerebellar peduncle

Disappear at level of inferior colliculus

Question 21

Flocculonodular lobe receives inputs and sends outputs to?

Answer 21

From vestibular system, to vestibular nuclei

Question 22

Blood supply cerebellum (3)

Answer 22

Superior cerebellar a (basilar a)
Anterior inferior cerebellar a (basilar)
Posterior inferior cerebellar a (vertebral)

Question 23

Blood supply medulla oblongata (5)

Answer 23

Anterior spinal (vertebral)
Posterior spinal (post inf cerebellar): lower
Posterior inferior cerebellar (vertebral)
Anterior inferior cerebellar (basilar): upper
Vertebral arteries (subclavian I)

Question 24

Blood supply midbrain (4)

Answer 24

All basilar a:
Posterior cerebral a (and its peduncular branch)
Superior cerebellar a: inf colliculus
Posterior choroidal a
Interpeduncular branches of basilar a

Question 25

Blood supply pons (3)

Answer 25

Pontine arteries (basilar) mostly Anterior inferior cerebellar a (basilar) Superior cerebellar a (basilar)

Question 26

Which arteries make up the circle of Willis? (5)

Answer 26

1. ICA 2. Anterior cerebral a 3. Anterior communicating artery 4. Post communicating a 5. Post cerebral a (basilar a)

Question 27

Blood supply frontal lobe

Answer 27

ACA and MCA

Question 28

Blood supply parietal lobe

Answer 28

ACA and MCA

Question 29

Blood supply temporal lobe

Answer 29

MCA and PCA

Question 30

Occipital lobe blood supply

Answer 30

PCA

Question 31

Draw the watershed areas of superolat, med and inf view.

Answer 31

See picture 1 and 2

Question 32

Contents of foramen caecum

Answer 32

Emissary vein to superior Sagittal sinus (connects it to nasal cavity)

Question 33

Anterior ethmoidal foramen contents

Answer 33

Anterior ethmoidal a (ant Meningeal),v,n (CN V1)

Question 34

Contents of foramina of the cribriform plate

Answer 34

CN I

Question 35

Superior orbital fissure contents (5)

Answer 35

``` CN III CN IV CN V1 (lacrimal, frontal, nasociliary branches) CN VI Superior ophthalmic vein ```

Question 36

Optic canal contents (2)

Answer 36

``` CNII Ophthalmic artery (ICA) ```

Question 37

Foremen rotundum content

Answer 37

CN V2

Question 38

Foramen ovale contents (3)

Answer 38

CN V3 Accessory Meningeal a Lesser petrosal nerve (GVE of CN IX)

Question 39

Foremen spinosum contents (3)

Answer 39

Middle Meningeal artery and vein | Meningeal branch of CN 5.3

Question 40

Carotid canal contents (2)

Answer 40

Internal carotid a | Internal carotid nerve plexus

Question 41

Internal acoustic meatus contents (3)

Answer 41

CN VII CN VIII Labyrinthine a

Question 42

Jugular foramen contents (6)

Answer 42

``` Inferior petrosal sinus (most medial) CNIX CNX CN XI cranial part Sigmoid sinus Posterior Meningeal a (asc pharyngeal) (IJV) ```

Question 43

Hypoglossal canal content

Answer 43

CN XII

Question 44

Foramen magnum contents (4)

Answer 44

Medulla oblongata Vertebral arteries CN XI spinal division Meninges

Question 45

Foramen lacerum content

Answer 45

Greater petrosal nerve passes over

Question 46

Course of corticospinal tracts (8)

Answer 46

1. Cerebral cortex 2. Internal capsule 3. Crus cerebri of midbrain 4. Pons 5. Medulla 6. Tract divides into 2 at most caudal part of medulla : lat and ant 7. Lat corticospinal tract decussate and terminate at ventral horns of cord 8. Ant tract remain ipsilateral and decussate and terminate in the ventral horn of the cervical and upper thoracic segments

Question 47

Corticobulbar tract function

Answer 47

Supply musculature of head and neck

Question 48

Corticospinal tract function

Answer 48

Supply musculature of body

Question 49

Corticobulbar tract course (5)

Answer 49

1. Lateral primary motor cortex, 2. Converge 3. Internal capsule 4. Brain stem 5. Terminate on motor nuclei of cranial nerves

Question 50

Function of spinothalamic tract

Answer 50

Crude touch and pressure (ant spinothalamic) | Pain and temperature (lat spinothalamic)

Question 51

Course of spinothalamic tract. (8)

Answer 51

1. First order neurones: sensory receptors in periphery 2. Enter spinal cord 3. Ascend 1-2 vertebral levels 4. Synapse at tip dorsal horn : substantia gelatinosa 5. Second order neurones carry info to thalamus after decussating and forming 2 distinct ant and lat tracts 6. Third order neurones ascend from ventral posterolateral nucleus of thalamus 7. Through internal capsule 8. Terminate at ipsilateral primary sensory cortex

Question 52

Blood supply spinal cord

Answer 52

1 anterior spinal a (mainly) | 2 post spinal

Question 53

What parts of the spinal cord does the anterior spinal artery supply?

Answer 53

Anterior and lateral cord: spinothalamic ant tract and corticospinal lat tract.

Question 54

What parts of the cord do the post spinal arteries supply?

Answer 54

Posterior cord: post columns

Question 55

Where is the spinothalamic tract on the spinal cord

Answer 55

Anterior (ant to ant horn)

Question 56

Where is the corticospinal tract on the spinal cord

Answer 56

Lateral (between post and ant horn)

Question 57

Where is posterior column tract on spinal cord?

Answer 57

Posterior | Between post horns

Question 58

Function of dorsal column?

Answer 58

Proprioception and vibration

Question 59

Broca area function

Answer 59

Speech production

Question 60

Wernicke area function

Answer 60

Speech comprehension

Question 61

How does wernicke area send info to broca area?

Answer 61

Arcuate fasciculus

Question 62

Innervation biceps (nerve and root)

Answer 62

Musculocutaneous n (C5 C6)

Question 63

Triceps innervation

Answer 63

Radial nerve c6-c8

Question 64

Innervation gastrocnemius

Answer 64

Tibial nerve (S1 S2)

Question 65

Quadriceps innervation

Answer 65

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

Question 66

Dorsal column course

Answer 66

1. Signals from upper limbs (T6 and above) travel in fasciculus cuneatus (lat part of dorsal column) and synapse in the nucleus cuneatus of medulla (first order neurones) 2. Signals from lower limb (T6 below) travel in fasciculus gracilis (medial part dorsal column) and synapse in nucleus gracilis of medulla (first order neurones) 3. Second order neurones decussate in medulla 4. Travel in contralateral medial lemniscus to thalamus 5. Third order neurones travel from ventral posteralat nucleus of thalamus 6. Through internal capsule 7. To ipsilateral primary sensory cortex