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Neurology > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

5 parts of the diencephalon

A
  1. Epithalamus
  2. Thalamus
  3. Hypothalamus
    4 sub-thalamus
  4. Metathalamus
    (3rd ventricle)
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2
Q

Myelin sheath in CNS made up of?

A

Oligodendrocyte

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3
Q

Myelin sheath in PNS made up of?

A

Schwann cells

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4
Q

Medial geniculate body relays what information?

A

Auditory

‘Music’ goes to “medial”

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5
Q

Lateral geniculate body relays what information?

A

Visual

“Light” goes to “lateral”

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6
Q

Where do fibres to the medial geniculate body project from and to?

A

Receive auditory input from brachium of inf colliculus

Project to primary auditory Cortex (and amygdaloid body for memory modulation)

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7
Q

Where do fibres in lateral geniculate body project from and to?

A

Visual input from optic tract, superior colliculus

To primary visual cortex

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8
Q

What does the metathalamus consist of?

A

Lateral and medial geniculate bodies

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9
Q

Where is the metathalamus

A

Beneath pulvinar of thalamus

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10
Q

2 names for the flocculonodular lobe

A

Archicerebellum
Vestibulocerebellum
FAV

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11
Q

3 names for the functional division of the cerebellum consisting of the lateral hemispheres

A

Cerebrocerebellum
Neocerebellum
Pontocerebellum
(Cerebellum not pretty)

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12
Q

2 names for the functional division of the cerebellum consisting of the vermis and intermediate zones

A

Paleocerebellum
Spinocerebellum
ps

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13
Q

Paleocerebellum function (4)

A

Regulate body movements by allowing for error correction
Muscle tone maintenance.
Proprioception!
Coordination of skilled movement!

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14
Q

Spinocerebellum connects to which part of the brainstem and how?

A

Medulla oblongata via the inferior cerebellar peduncle

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15
Q

Neocerebellum function (4)

A

Regulate coordination of muscle activation!
Planning movements
NB in visually guided movements
Motor learning

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16
Q

Cerebrocerebellum connect to which part of the brainstem and how?

A

Pons via middle cerebellar peduncle

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17
Q

Pontocerebellum receives input from? (2)

A

Cerebral cortex and pontine nuclei

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18
Q

Neocerebellum sends output to? (2)

A

Thalamus and red nucleus

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19
Q

Archicerebellum function (3)

A

Balance
Eye coordination
Ocular reflexes : fixation

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20
Q

Vestibulocerebellum connect to which part of brainstem and how?

A

Midbrain via superior cerebellar peduncle

Disappear at level of inferior colliculus

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21
Q

Flocculonodular lobe receives inputs and sends outputs to?

A

From vestibular system, to vestibular nuclei

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22
Q

Blood supply cerebellum (3)

A

Superior cerebellar a (basilar a)
Anterior inferior cerebellar a (basilar)
Posterior inferior cerebellar a (vertebral)

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23
Q

Blood supply medulla oblongata (5)

A

Anterior spinal (vertebral)
Posterior spinal (post inf cerebellar): lower
Posterior inferior cerebellar (vertebral)
Anterior inferior cerebellar (basilar): upper
Vertebral arteries (subclavian I)

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24
Q

Blood supply midbrain (4)

A 
All basilar a:
Posterior cerebral a (and its peduncular branch)
Superior cerebellar a: inf colliculus
Posterior choroidal a
Interpeduncular branches of basilar a
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25
Q

Blood supply pons (3)

A

Pontine arteries (basilar) mostly
Anterior inferior cerebellar a (basilar)
Superior cerebellar a (basilar)

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26
Q

Which arteries make up the circle of Willis? (5)

A
  1. ICA
  2. Anterior cerebral a
  3. Anterior communicating artery
  4. Post communicating a
  5. Post cerebral a (basilar a)
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27
Q

Blood supply frontal lobe

A

ACA and MCA

28
Q

Blood supply parietal lobe

A

ACA and MCA

29
Q

Blood supply temporal lobe

A

MCA and PCA

30
Q

Occipital lobe blood supply

A

PCA

31
Q

Draw the watershed areas of superolat, med and inf view.

A

See picture 1 and 2

32
Q

Contents of foramen caecum

A

Emissary vein to superior Sagittal sinus (connects it to nasal cavity)

33
Q

Anterior ethmoidal foramen contents

A

Anterior ethmoidal a (ant Meningeal),v,n (CN V1)

34
Q

Contents of foramina of the cribriform plate

A

CN I

35
Q

Superior orbital fissure contents (5)

A 
CN III
CN IV
CN V1 (lacrimal, frontal, nasociliary branches)
CN VI
Superior ophthalmic vein
36
Q

Optic canal contents (2)

A 
CNII
Ophthalmic artery (ICA)
37
Q

Foremen rotundum content

A

CN V2

38
Q

Foramen ovale contents (3)

A

CN V3
Accessory Meningeal a
Lesser petrosal nerve (GVE of CN IX)

39
Q

Foremen spinosum contents (3)

A

Middle Meningeal artery and vein

Meningeal branch of CN 5.3

40
Q

Carotid canal contents (2)

A

Internal carotid a

Internal carotid nerve plexus

41
Q

Internal acoustic meatus contents (3)

A

CN VII
CN VIII
Labyrinthine a

42
Q

Jugular foramen contents (6)

A 
Inferior petrosal sinus (most medial)
CNIX
CNX
CN XI cranial part
Sigmoid sinus
Posterior Meningeal a (asc pharyngeal)
(IJV)
43
Q

Hypoglossal canal content

A

CN XII

44
Q

Foramen magnum contents (4)

A

Medulla oblongata
Vertebral arteries
CN XI spinal division
Meninges

45
Q

Foramen lacerum content

A

Greater petrosal nerve passes over

46
Q

Course of corticospinal tracts (8)

A
  1. Cerebral cortex
  2. Internal capsule
  3. Crus cerebri of midbrain
  4. Pons
  5. Medulla
  6. Tract divides into 2 at most caudal part of medulla : lat and ant
  7. Lat corticospinal tract decussate and terminate at ventral horns of cord
  8. Ant tract remain ipsilateral and decussate and terminate in the ventral horn of the cervical and upper thoracic segments
47
Q

Corticobulbar tract function

A

Supply musculature of head and neck

48
Q

Corticospinal tract function

A

Supply musculature of body

49
Q

Corticobulbar tract course (5)

A
  1. Lateral primary motor cortex,
  2. Converge
  3. Internal capsule
  4. Brain stem
  5. Terminate on motor nuclei of cranial nerves
50
Q

Function of spinothalamic tract

A

Crude touch and pressure (ant spinothalamic)

Pain and temperature (lat spinothalamic)

51
Q

Course of spinothalamic tract. (8)

A
  1. First order neurones: sensory receptors in periphery
  2. Enter spinal cord
  3. Ascend 1-2 vertebral levels
  4. Synapse at tip dorsal horn : substantia gelatinosa
  5. Second order neurones carry info to thalamus after decussating and forming 2 distinct ant and lat tracts
  6. Third order neurones ascend from ventral posterolateral nucleus of thalamus
  7. Through internal capsule
  8. Terminate at ipsilateral primary sensory cortex
52
Q

Blood supply spinal cord

A

1 anterior spinal a (mainly)

2 post spinal

53
Q

What parts of the spinal cord does the anterior spinal artery supply?

A

Anterior and lateral cord: spinothalamic ant tract and corticospinal lat tract.

54
Q

What parts of the cord do the post spinal arteries supply?

A

Posterior cord: post columns

55
Q

Where is the spinothalamic tract on the spinal cord

A

Anterior (ant to ant horn)

56
Q

Where is the corticospinal tract on the spinal cord

A

Lateral (between post and ant horn)

57
Q

Where is posterior column tract on spinal cord?

A

Posterior

Between post horns

58
Q

Function of dorsal column?

A

Proprioception and vibration

59
Q

Broca area function

A

Speech production

60
Q

Wernicke area function

A

Speech comprehension

61
Q

How does wernicke area send info to broca area?

A

Arcuate fasciculus

62
Q

Innervation biceps (nerve and root)

A

Musculocutaneous n (C5 C6)

63
Q

Triceps innervation

A

Radial nerve c6-c8

64
Q

Innervation gastrocnemius

A

Tibial nerve (S1 S2)

65
Q

Quadriceps innervation

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

66
Q

Dorsal column course

A
  1. Signals from upper limbs (T6 and above) travel in fasciculus cuneatus (lat part of dorsal column) and synapse in the nucleus cuneatus of medulla (first order neurones)
  2. Signals from lower limb (T6 below) travel in fasciculus gracilis (medial part dorsal column) and synapse in nucleus gracilis of medulla (first order neurones)
  3. Second order neurones decussate in medulla
  4. Travel in contralateral medial lemniscus to thalamus
  5. Third order neurones travel from ventral posteralat nucleus of thalamus
  6. Through internal capsule
  7. To ipsilateral primary sensory cortex

Neurology (17 decks)

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