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Ophthamology > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones make up the orbit?

A

7

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2
Q

Name the bones that make up the orbit…

A 
zygomatic
frontal
sphenoid
ethmoid
maxilla
nasal
lacrimal
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3
Q

What part of the orbit is most vulnerable to injury?

A

orbital floor

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4
Q

What bones make up the orbital floor?

A

maxilla
zygomatic
nasal

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5
Q

What are the contents of the superior orbital fissure?

A

CN III, IV, V1 and VI

Superior ophthalmic vein

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6
Q

What cranial nerve passes through the inferior orbital fissure?

A

CN V2

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7
Q

What is the function of muller’s muscle?

A

assists eyelid elevation

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8
Q

What is the nerve supply of mullers muscle?

A

sympathetic

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9
Q

What muscle closes eyelids? and what nerve innervates it?

A

orbicularis oculi

CN VII

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10
Q

Name the syndrome caused by sympathetic injury to mullers muscle?

A

Horners syndrome

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11
Q

Is tear production stimulated by sympathetics or parasympathetics?

A

parasympathetics

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12
Q

What prevents the reflux of tears (lacrimation)?

A

Valve of Hasner

between inferior meatus and nasolacrimal duct

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13
Q

What nerve supplies the conjunctiva?

A

CN V1

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14
Q

Where does the lymph drainage of the conjunctiva go to?

A

Preauricular and submandibular lymph nodes

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15
Q

name the 3 layers of the eye…

A

Fibrous layer
Vascular layer
Neural layer

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16
Q

What makes up the fibrous layer?

A

sclera and cornea

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17
Q

what is the purpose of the sclera?

A

attachment sites for recti muscles

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18
Q

How many layers is the cornea made from?

A

5

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19
Q

What makes up the vascular layer?

A

choroid
ciliary body
iris

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20
Q

What is the function of the choroid?

A

supplies retina

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21
Q

What is the function of the ciliary body?

A

produces aqueous humour

adjusts of lens

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22
Q

What is the function of the iris?

A

protects retina

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23
Q

What makes up the neural layer?

A

retina

24
Q

What types of cells are in the retina?

A

rods and cones

25
Q

What is the name of the part of macula with the most rods/cones?

A

fovea

26
Q

what is the name given to the central part of the retina?

A

macula

27
Q

What is the anterior chamber of the eye?

A

in front of lens

contains aqueous humour

28
Q

What is the posterior chamber of the eye?

A

behind lens

29
Q

What is in the posterior cavity?

A

vitreous body

30
Q

What muscle increases pupil diameter? and what innervates it?

A

dilator pupillae

sympathetic

31
Q

What muscle decreases pupil diameter? and what innervates it?

A

sphincter pupillae

parasympathetic, CN III

32
Q

What is the function of the ciliary muscles?

A

increase refractive power by constricting ciliary body, relaxing zonules, making lens more spherical

33
Q

Name the 6 extraocular muscles?

A 
lateral rectus
inferior rectus
superior rectus
medial rectus
superior oblique
inferior oblique
(4 rectus, 2 oblique)
34
Q

What do the recti muscles do?

A

adduct

35
Q

what do the oblique muscles do?

A

abduct

36
Q

How does CN III palsy present?

A

eyes are down and out

dilated pupil

37
Q

How does CN IV palsy present?

A

restricted eye movement when looking down and in

38
Q

How does CN VI palsy present?

A

unable to move gaze laterally

39
Q

What nerves give sensory innervation to the eye?

A

CN II

CN V1

40
Q

What nerves give motor innervation to the eye?

A 
CN III, IV, VI (rectus muscles)
CN VII (orbicularis oculi)
41
Q

What is the principle vascular supply to the eye?

A

ophthalmic artery

42
Q

What does the central retinal artery supply?

A

inner 2/3rds of retina

43
Q

What supplies the outer 1/3rd of the retina?

A

choroidal circulation

44
Q

what is another name for the vascular layer of the eyeball?

A

uvea

45
Q

What is the origin of the rectus muscles?

A

common tendinous ring

46
Q

What is the optic disc?

A

the raised disc on the retina at the point of entry of the optic nerve, lacking visual receptors and so creating a blind spot

47
Q

Which part of the orbit is most susceptible to blow out fractures?

A

medial wall and orbital floor

48
Q

What is the direction of lacrimal fluid?

A 
produced at lacrimal gland
washes over eye medially
drains through lacrimal puncta
into lacrimal sac
into nasolacrimal duct
49
Q

What does parasympathetic activity on the ciliary body allow for?

A

thickens lens for near vision

50
Q

what is another name for mullers muscle?

A

superior tarsus

51
Q

What attaches the superior tarsus to the skin of eyelid?

A

tendon of levator palpebrae superioris

52
Q

What becomes more “jelly-like” as we age?

A

vitreous humour

53
Q

What nerve supplies the lateral rectus muscle?

A

CN VI

54
Q

What nerve supplies the superior oblique muscle?

A

CN IV

55
Q

What is the pneumonic to remember the cranial nerve innervation of the extraocular muscles?

A

LR6 SO4 AO3

Ophthamology (3 decks)

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