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ophthamology > Acute Red Eye > Flashcards

Acute Red Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What is a subconjuctival haemorrhage and what causes it?

A

a small bleed behind conjunctiva

due to trauma, coughing, sneezing or spontaneous

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2
Q

What can cause recurrent subconjuctival haemorrhage?

A

hypertension

diabetes

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3
Q

Management for subconjuctival haemorrhage…

A

no treatment - self resolves in 10-14 days

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4
Q

Describe the appearance of a subconjuctival haemorrhage…

A

bright red blood overlying sclera

well-defined borders

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5
Q

what is the commonest cause of a red eye?

A

conjunctivitis

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6
Q

describe conjunctivitis…

A

inflammation of membrane overlying globe of eye and eyelids

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7
Q

what are the 2 types of conjunctivitis?

A

infective

allergic

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8
Q

What bacterial organism is most likely to cause conjunctivitis in children?

A

H. influenzae

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9
Q

Management for infective conjunctivitis…

A

self limiting OR

TOPICAL CHLOAMPHENICOL

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10
Q

What are the differences in appearance between viral and bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

viral - red eye and watery discharge

bacterial - mucopurulent yellow discharge

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11
Q

What is the most common viral cause of conjunctivitis?

A

adenovirus

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12
Q

What can chlamydia conjunctivitis cause?

A

subtarsal scarring because of it’s chronic nature

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13
Q

what is the tx for chlamydia conjunctivits?

A

topical oxytetracycline

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14
Q

Who is most likely to have endophthalmitis?

A

post-surgical pts

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15
Q

Presentation of endophthalmitis…

A

extremely painful red eye with decreased visual acuity (sight threatening)

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16
Q

tx for endophthalmitis…

A

intravitreal antibiotic injection

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17
Q

What is a corneal abrasion?

A

defect in corneal epithelium due to trauma

painful

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18
Q

What can cause a corneal abrasion?

A

contact lens
fingernails
foreign bodies

19
Q

What investigation is used to see the extent of a corneal abrasion?

A

fluorescein stain

20
Q

Tx for corneal abrasion…

A

chloraphemicol ointment

mydriatic (symptomatic relief)

21
Q

what is the epiclera?

A

a thin vascular sheet superficial to the sclera

22
Q

Which is worse, episcleritis or scleritis?

A

scleritis

23
Q

treatment for episcleritis…

A

none

self-limiting

24
Q

presentation of scleritis…

A

painful
eye is tender on palpation
red eye

25
Q

what is scleritis associated with?

A

systemic disease (RA, WG)

26
Q

Treatment for scleritis…

A

systemic immunosuppression

27
Q

What is anterior uveitis?

A

infection of iris and ciliary body

28
Q

presentation and signs of anterior uveitis…

A

sudden onset red and painful eye
blurry vision
constricted irregular pupil
hypopyon

29
Q

what can cause anterior uveitis?

A

idiopathic
trauma
systemic disease (ankylosing spondylitis, IBD)

30
Q

Tx for anterior uveitis…

A

depends on cause

consult ophthamologist

31
Q

what is keratitis?

A

inflammation of cornea

32
Q

presentation of keratitis…

A

photophobia
severe ocular pain
sensation of foreign body
reduced visual acuity

33
Q

what are the 2 types of keratitis?

A

infective

non-infective

34
Q

what can cause non-infective keratitis?

A

UV exposure

35
Q

treatment of non-infective keratitis…

A

analgesia
cool compress
self-limiting

36
Q

what is the most common cause of viral keratitis?

A

herpes simplex

37
Q

what is seen on fluorescein in viral keratitis caused by herpes simplex?

A

branching dendritic ulcer

38
Q

what is the most common bacterial organism that causes keratitis and what is it associated with?

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

contact lens use

39
Q

sign of bacterial keratitis…

A

hypopyon

40
Q

treatment for bacterial keratitis…

A

admission - hourly drops

gentamicin

41
Q

What can cause an acute angle closure glaucoma?

A

primary - anatomical

secondary - pathological - haemorrhage

42
Q

what causes an acute angle closure glaucoma?

A

aqueous fluid accumulation behind the iris leading to a rise in IOP

43
Q

How does an acute angle closure glaucoma present?

A

severe monocular eye pain (N&V)
blurred vision
haloes around light

44
Q

Tx for acute angle closure glaucoma…

A

timolol eye drops
oral acetazolamide
topical dexamethasone
UNTIL laser or surgical iridectomy

ophthamology (3 decks)

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