Anatomical Terms/Imaging Flashcards
What does “ana” and “tome” mean for anatomy?
“apart” and “cut”
Gross anatomy is anatomy that…
Can be seen without a microscope
All structures in anatomy are described assuming the body is…
In anatomical position
Difference between cephalic and cranial?
Cephalic is head, cranial is skull
Cervical region relates to?
The neck
Axillary region relates to?
The armpits
Brachial region relates to?
The arms
Thoracic region relates to?
The chest
Mammary region relates to?
The breasts
What is another word for umbilical?
Naval
What is another word for femoral?
Thigh
What is another word for perineal?
Anal and external genitals
Describe supine position
Lying down (recumbent), face upwards
Describe prone position
Lying down on abdomen, face down
Describe lithotomy position
OBGYN visit position, on back, hips/knees flexed, separated thighs. For genital/anal inspection
Describe the frontal/coronal plane
separates front and back of body down the middle, can see entire front and entire back halves
Describe the medial/midsagittal plane
separates the body down the middle into right and left halves
Describe the transverse/XS plane
separates the body into a cross section, top half and bottom half
Describe the parasagittal plane
separates the body into right and left halves but is off center
Ventral/anterior is towards….
the belly
Dorsal/posterior is towards…
the back
Cranial/rostral is towards…
the head
Caudal is towards…
the tail
Interior/inner and exterior/outer are used for…
hollow organs
Superficial/deep are used to describe…
solid organs and/or distance from the surface
Give an example of a flexion movement of the arm
Raising arm upwards or backwards (decreasing the angle of the joint)
Give an example of an extension movement of the arm
Lowering the arm towards the median (increasing the angle of the joint)
What is the difference between flexion and extension?
Flexion is decreasing the angle of the joint, extension is increasing the angle of the joint. Flexion usually moves away from the body, extension brings limb back to neutral/increased angle state.
What is an adduction movement?
Moving towards the central line
(bringing legs closer together)
What is an abduction movment?
Moving away from the central line
(abductor machine at the gym for gluteal and hips)
What is a circumduction movement?
A combo of, abduction, adduction, extension, flexion movements
Describe a pronation movement
Rotating forearms inward so palms face down and thumbs are medial, palm is backwards from anatomical position
Describe a supination movement
Rotating forearms outward so palms face down and rotate outwards back to anatomical position
Describe flexing vs extending the fingers
Flexing curls fingers in, extending straightens the fingers
What is dorsiflexion?
Backward bending, contracting of a foot or hand, extending the limb
What is plantar flexion?
Opposite of dorsiflexion, toes point away from leg, increasing the angle
What can be passed through the body, be scattered/deflected and absorbed?
An X-ray
How does an x-ray pass through the tissue?
It depends on the energy of the x ray and atomic # of the tissue
The higher energy the x-ray…
The more likely it is to pass through the body
The higher atomic number of the tissue…
The more likely it is to absorb the x-ray
Rate the 5 basic radiographic density materials from blackest to whitest
Air, fat, water (soft tissue), bone, metal
Blackest = radiolucent (air)
Whitest = radioplaque (metal)
What are the parts of a long bone?
Epiphysis
Diaphysis
Metaphysis
Medullary Cavity
Cortex
What is an ultrasound?
High frequency sound waves, like sonar
