Anatomical Terms And Positions Flashcards
What is the anatomical position?
Standing upright with feet flat, arms at sides, and the palms and face directed forward.
What is the sagittal plane?
Passes vertically through the body or an organ and divide into right and left portions.saggital plane that divides into equal halves is the median aka midsaggital plane
What is the frontal plane
Perpendicular to the saggital plane and divides the body into anterior and posterior aka front and back
What is the transverse plane?
Aka horizontal place and divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions
Ventral vs. Dorsal
Toward the front or belly vs. Toward the back or spine
Ex the aorta is ventral to the vertebral column vs the vertebral column is dorsal to the aorta
Anterior and ventral are the same in humans vs. Posterior and dorsal
Ventral is closest to the ground and dorsal
Is farthest away in a legged animals so belly vs back
Anterior vs posterior
Toward the ventral side vs. Toward the dorsal Side
Anterior leads in locomotion in 4 legged animals and posterior comes last so head and tail
Proximal vs distal
Used in reference to limps. Proximal is closer to the point of attachment vs distal is farther away.
The elbow is proximal to the wrist vs. The fingernails are distal end of the fingers.
Superficial vs deep
Closer to the surface vs farther from the surface
The skin is superficial to the muscles vs. The bones are deep to the muscles.
Median vs. Lateral
Toward the median plane vs away from it
The heart is medial to the lungs vs. The eyes are lateral to the nose
Cephalic vs rostral vs caudal
Toward the head or superior end vs toward the forehead vs toward the tail or inferior end
Superior vs inferior
Above vs below
Ipsilateral vs contralateral
On the same side of the body(right or left) vs. On the opposite sides of the body (right and left)
What is the axial region?
Head, neck (cervical region), and trunk.
Trunk is divided into thoracic region above the diaphragm and the abdominal region below it
Abdominopelvic quadrants
Right upper quadrant: right hypochondriac region
Epigastric region
left upper quadrant: left hypochondriac region
Umbilical region in the center and right lumbar and left lumbar
right lower quadrant: right inguinal region
Hypogastric region (pubic)
and left lower quadrant: left inguinal region
What is the appendicular region?
The upper and lower limbs:
Upper: arm(brachial region) forearm (antebrachial) region), wrist(carpal), hand and fingers
Lower: Thigh (femoral region), leg (crural region), ankle (tarsal region), foot and toes
What is a segment of limb?
Region btw one joint and the next
What are viscera?
Internal organs inside body cavities
What is the visceral layer?
Inner Layer of membrane laying against the organ
What is the parietal layer?
Superficial or outer layer of two layer membrane in body cavities
Viscera located in the cranial cavity and vertebral canal?
Brain and spinal cord. Both lined by meninges or 3 membrane layers
What are meninges?
Three membrane layers btw CNS and bone. The dura mater, arachnoid maters and pin mater.
Physiology of the thoracic cavity?
Superior to the diaphragm
lined w serous membranes
divided by mediastinum(thick median wall that extends from the base of the neck to the diaphragm.
Contains the heart, major blood vessels connected to it, the esophagus, the trachea, and bronchi and a gland called the thymus
Viscera contained in the thoracic cavity?
Heart is enfolded in pericardium(two layer membrane and heart side is visceral layer) which his separated from other side, parietal layer, by the pericardial cavity which is lubricated by pericardial fluid
Right and left size contain the lungs, earn of which is enfolded by the pleura.similar to heart, visceral(inner) and parietal (outside) layers 3 the pleural county is between them
Physiology of the abdominopelvic cavity?
Abdominal cavity:digestive system, spleen, kidneys, B ureters& extends to the brim.
superior to
pelvic cavity:below the brim & contains the rectum, urinary bladder, urethra & reproductive organs
