Anatomical Terms And Positions

Question 1

What is the anatomical position?

Answer 1

Standing upright with feet flat, arms at sides, and the palms and face directed forward.

Question 2

What is the sagittal plane?

Answer 2

Passes vertically through the body or an organ and divide into right and left portions.saggital plane that divides into equal halves is the median aka midsaggital plane

Question 3

What is the frontal plane

Answer 3

Perpendicular to the saggital plane and divides the body into anterior and posterior aka front and back

Question 4

What is the transverse plane?

Answer 4

Aka horizontal place and divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions

Question 5

Ventral vs. Dorsal

Answer 5

Toward the front or belly vs. Toward the back or spine
Ex the aorta is ventral to the vertebral column vs the vertebral column is dorsal to the aorta

Anterior and ventral are the same in humans vs. Posterior and dorsal

Ventral is closest to the ground and dorsal
Is farthest away in a legged animals so belly vs back

Question 6

Anterior vs posterior

Answer 6

Toward the ventral side vs. Toward the dorsal Side
Anterior leads in locomotion in 4 legged animals and posterior comes last so head and tail

Question 7

Proximal vs distal

Answer 7

Used in reference to limps. Proximal is closer to the point of attachment vs distal is farther away.

The elbow is proximal to the wrist vs. The fingernails are distal end of the fingers.

Question 8

Superficial vs deep

Answer 8

Closer to the surface vs farther from the surface

The skin is superficial to the muscles vs. The bones are deep to the muscles.

Question 9

Median vs. Lateral

Answer 9

Toward the median plane vs away from it

The heart is medial to the lungs vs. The eyes are lateral to the nose

Question 10

Cephalic vs rostral vs caudal

Answer 10

Toward the head or superior end vs toward the forehead vs toward the tail or inferior end

Question 11

Superior vs inferior

Answer 11

Above vs below

Question 12

Ipsilateral vs contralateral

Answer 12

On the same side of the body(right or left) vs. On the opposite sides of the body (right and left)

Question 13

What is the axial region?

Answer 13

Head, neck (cervical region), and trunk.

Trunk is divided into thoracic region above the diaphragm and the abdominal region below it

Question 14

Abdominopelvic quadrants

Answer 14

Right upper quadrant: right hypochondriac region
Epigastric region
left upper quadrant: left hypochondriac region

Umbilical region in the center and right lumbar and left lumbar

right lower quadrant: right inguinal region
Hypogastric region (pubic)
and left lower quadrant: left inguinal region

Question 15

What is the appendicular region?

Answer 15

The upper and lower limbs:

Upper: arm(brachial region) forearm (antebrachial) region), wrist(carpal), hand and fingers

Lower: Thigh (femoral region), leg (crural region), ankle (tarsal region), foot and toes

Question 16

What is a segment of limb?

Answer 16

Region btw one joint and the next

Question 17

What are viscera?

Answer 17

Internal organs inside body cavities

Question 18

What is the visceral layer?

Answer 18

Inner Layer of membrane laying against the organ

Question 19

What is the parietal layer?

Answer 19

Superficial or outer layer of two layer membrane in body cavities

Question 20

Viscera located in the cranial cavity and vertebral canal?

Answer 20

Brain and spinal cord. Both lined by meninges or 3 membrane layers

Question 21

What are meninges?

Answer 21

Three membrane layers btw CNS and bone. The dura mater, arachnoid maters and pin mater.

Question 22

Physiology of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 22

Superior to the diaphragm
lined w serous membranes
divided by mediastinum(thick median wall that extends from the base of the neck to the diaphragm.

Contains the heart, major blood vessels connected to it, the esophagus, the trachea, and bronchi and a gland called the thymus

Question 23

Viscera contained in the thoracic cavity?

Answer 23

Heart is enfolded in pericardium(two layer membrane and heart side is visceral layer) which his separated from other side, parietal layer, by the pericardial cavity which is lubricated by pericardial fluid

Right and left size contain the lungs, earn of which is enfolded by the pleura.similar to heart, visceral(inner) and parietal (outside) layers 3 the pleural county is between them

Question 24

Physiology of the abdominopelvic cavity?

Answer 24

Abdominal cavity:digestive system, spleen, kidneys, B ureters& extends to the brim.

superior to

pelvic cavity:below the brim & contains the rectum, urinary bladder, urethra & reproductive organs