Anatomical terms Flashcards
Anatomical position
Standard position (Stand upright, look forward, palm forward)
Midline
divided by middle
Posterior
back
Anterior
front
Superior to…
on top of (For core/body&head)
Anterior to…
on bottom of (For core/body&head)
Proximal to…
higher than (for limbs)
Distal to…
under/lower (for limbs)
Medial
towards the midline
Lateral
away from the midline (lateral raises)
Superficial to…
More towards the SURFACE (skin is superficial to muscles)
Deep…
Deeper within the body (more away from the surface)
Transverse PLANE
plane around the hips (like a skirt) (perpendicular to Longitudinal axis)
Longitudinal AXIS
line through the head (perpendicular to transverse plane)
Sagittal PLANE
plane sliced through midline (perpendicular to horizontal axis)
Horizontal AXIS
line through hips (left to right) (perpendicular to sagittal plane)
Frontal PLANE
sliced through hips cutting back and front in half (perpendicular to Anterior-posterior axis)
Anterior-posterior AXIS
line from front to back (through belly button) (perpendicular to frontal plane)
Flexion
bending at a joint (angle between 2 opposing bones is getting smaller)
Extension
straightening of the joint (angle between 2 opposing bones is getting bigger)
Abduction
moving away from the midline of the body moving more laterally)
Adduction
moving towards the midline of the body
Plantar flexion
ponting feet (planting your feet)
Dorsiflexion
flexing feet
Supination
Rotating your wrist when your palm is facing up (Radius and Ulna are parallel)
Pronation
Rotating your wrist when your palm is facing down (Radius crosses over Ulna)
Inversion
landing on OUTSIDE of ankle
Eversion
landing on INSIDE of ankle
External rotation
turned out foot
Internal rotation
turned in foot
Elevation
moving in upward position (shrug shoulder)
Depression
moving in downward position (bad posture)
Opposition
THUMB is pushing against other fingers (opposing forces)
Reposition
THUMB is relaxed (no opposing forces)
Circumduction
ball socket joint rotation (EX. arm circles)
Protraction
moving outward (EX. chin forward)
Retraction
moving inward (EX. chin inward/double chins)