Anatomical Terminology Flashcards
In front of the midline
Anterior
Behind the midline
Posterior
Away from the midline
Lateral
Towards the midline
Medial
Upper aspect of a structure
Superior
Lower aspect of a structure
Inferior
Underneath
Sub
Define a joint
The junction of 2 or more bones
What are the 3 types of joint
Fibrous -immovable and interlocking (plates in the skull)
Cartilaginous- slightly movable brought together by ligaments eg: vertebrae
Synovial-freely moveable
What are the characteristics of a synovial joint?
End of bone covered by hyaline cartilage
Stabilised by ligaments
Surrounded by fibrous capsule
Capsule lined by synovial membrane
Synovial joints can be broken down into 6 sub groups
Gliding joints Pivot joints Saddle joints Ball and socket joints Ellipsoid joints Hinge joints
Example of a ball and socket joint
Hip
Example of a hinge joint
Knee
Example of a pivot joint
Neck and forearms
Example of a saddle joint
Thumb
Example of a gliding joint
Clavicular joint, mid tarsal, mid carpal joints
Example of ellipsoid joint
Phalanges joint ( knuckles)
Function of a ball and socket joint
Movement in any direction
Function of a hinge joint
Allows flexion and extension of an appendage eg elbow joint
Function of a pivot joint
Rotation around an axis ( neck and forearms)
Function of a saddle joint
Allows movement back and forth up and down, does not allow rotation ( thumb joint )
Function of a gliding joint
Allow 2 bones to slide past each other ( mid tarsal, mid carpal )
Function of an ellipsoid joint
Similar to ball and socket - lesser magnitude ( knuckle joint) metacarpophalangeal
