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Anatomy 1 Semester 2 > Anatomical Terminology > Flashcards

Anatomical Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the anatomical body position

A

Acts as a point of reference for all movements:
- standing upright with feet together
- mouth is closed
- face looks forward
- hands by the side
- fingers are straight
- palms of the hands face forward
- thumbs point away from the body
- toes point forward

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2
Q

What is the anatomical nomenclature

A
  • Anatomical planes
  • Regional terms
  • Directional terms
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3
Q

What is a plane

A

An imaginary flat surface running through the body

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4
Q

What are the four anatomical body planes

A
  • Cornoal plane
  • Sagittal plane
  • Midsagittal (median) plane
  • Transverse plane
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5
Q

What is the coronal plane

A
  • Oriented vertically
  • Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
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6
Q

What is the sagittal plane

A
  • Orientated vertically
  • Divides the body into right and left parts
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7
Q

What is the midsagittal plane

A

Lies exactly in the midline vertically

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8
Q

What is the midline of the body

A

An imaginary vertical line dividing the body equally

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9
Q

What is the parasaggital plane

A
  • Para=near
  • A sagittal plane that lies offset from the midline
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10
Q

What is the transverse (horizontal) plane

A
  • Oriented horizontally
  • Divides the body into superior and inferior parts
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11
Q

What are the regional terms

A

Names of specific body areas (e.g. thorax, abdomen, back)

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12
Q

What are the body divisions

A
  • Axial regions
  • Appendicular region
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13
Q

What are the axial regions

A

Forms the main axis of the body, e.g.
- Head
- Neck
- Trunk

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14
Q

What makes up the axial skeleton

A
  • Skull
  • Thoracic cage
  • Vertebral column
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15
Q

What is the appendicular region

A

Consists of the limbs

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16
Q

What makes up the appendicular skeleton

A
  • Upper limb bones
  • Lower limb bones
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17
Q

What are directional terms

A

Allow us to precisley explain where one structure lies in relation to another

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18
Q

What are the most common directional terms used

A
  • Superior/inferior
  • Medial/lateral
  • Anterior/posterior
  • Cranial/caudal
  • Superficial/deep
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19
Q

What is superior and an example

A
  • Upper part of a structure or the body; ABOVE
  • E.g. the head is superior to the neck
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20
Q

What is inferior and an example

A
  • Toward the lower part of the body; BELOW
  • E.g. the thorax is inferior to the neck
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21
Q

What is medial and an example

A
  • Toward or at the midline of the body; ON THE INNER SIDE OF
  • E.g. the heart is medial to the lungs
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22
Q

What is lateral and an example

A
  • Away from the midline of the body; ON THE OUTER SIDE OF
  • E.g. the lungs lie lateral to the heart
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23
Q

What is ipsilateral and an example

A
  • On the same side
  • E.g. the right upper limb and right upper limb are ipsilateral
24
Q

What is contralateral and an example

A
  • On opposite sites
  • E.g. the right upper limb and left lower limb are contralateral
25
Q

What is anterior (ventral) and an example

A
  • Toward or at the front of the body; IN FRONT OF
  • E.g. the sternum is anterior to the heart
26
Q

What is posterior (dorsal) and an example

A
  • Toward or at the back of the body; BEHIND
  • E.g. the heart is posterior to the sternum
27
Q

Are the terms anterior and ventral & posterior and dorsal synonymous in humans

A

Yes, but not in four-legged animals

28
Q

What is cranial

A

Toward the head end

29
Q

What is caudal

A

Away from the head end; refers to the tail (inferior)

30
Q

What is superficial (external) and an example

A
  • Toward or at the body surface
  • E.g. the skin is superficial to the muscles
31
Q

What is deep (internal) and an example

A
  • Away from the body surface; more internal
  • E.g. the muscles are deep to the skin
32
Q

What is proximal and an example

A
  • Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
  • E.g. the forearm is proximal to the hand
33
Q

What is distal and an example

A
  • Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
  • E.g. the hands is distal to the forearm// the forearm is distal to the arm
34
Q

What is flexion and examples

A
  • Decreases the angle between two bones
  • E.g. trunk, neck, arm, hip, finger and leg flexions
35
Q

What is extension and examples

A
  • Increases the angle between two bones
  • E.g. trunk, neck, finger, arm and leg extensions
36
Q

What is medial rotation

A

Rotating toward the medial plane

37
Q

What is lateral rotation

A

Rotating away from the medial plane

38
Q

What is circumduction

A

Moving a limb or finger so that it describes a cone in space

39
Q

What are some examples of circumduction

A
  • Hip circumduction
  • Shoulder circumduction
  • Wrist/hand circumduction
  • Thumb circumduction
  • Finger circumduction
  • Ankle/foot circumduction
  • Toe circumduction
  • Head circumduction
40
Q

What is adduction and examples

A
  • Moving a limb towards the body midline
  • E.g. finger and wrist adduction
41
Q

What is abduction and examples

A
  • Moving a limb away from the body midline
  • E.g. finger and wrist abduction
42
Q

What is thumb opposition

A

Moving the thumb to touch the tips of the other fingers

43
Q

What is dorsiflexion

A

Lifting the foot or hand (superiorly)

44
Q

What is dorsiflexion of the foot

A

Lifting the foot so its superior (dorsum) surface approaches the leg

45
Q

What is dorsiflexion of the hand

A
  • Same as hand extension
  • Lifting the hand so its dorsum approaches the forearm
46
Q

What is plantar flexion

A

Depressing the foot elevating the heel

47
Q

What is eversion

A

Turning the sole of the foot laterally (eversion sprains)

48
Q

What is inversion

A

Turning the sole of the foot medially (inversion sprains)

49
Q

What makes up the upper limb from proximal (upper end) to distal (lower end)

A
  • Neck
  • Shoulder
  • Arm
  • Forearm
  • Hand
50
Q

What is the palmer surface and dorsum of the hand

A
  • Palmer (palm) = anterior
  • Dorsum = posterior
51
Q

What is supination

A

Rotation of forearm resulting in the palm of the hand facing anteriorly

52
Q

What is pronation

A

Rotation of forearm resulting in the palm of the hand facing posteriorly

53
Q

What is protraction

A

Moving a body part in the anterior direction e.g. of the mandible

54
Q

What is retraction

A

Moving a body part in the posterior direction e.g. of the mandible

55
Q

What is elevation

A

Lifting a body part superiorly e.g. of shoulders or mandible

56
Q

What is depression

A

Moving a body part inferiorly e.g. of the shoulders or mandible

Anatomy 1 Semester 2 (3 decks)

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