Anatomical Position

Question 1

5 Regions of the Body

Answer 1

1) Head and Neck
2) Upper Extremities - brachium (shoulder to elbow), antibrachium (elbow to wrist), wrist, hand
3) thorax (chest, ribs), back, abdomen
4) pelvis, perineum
5) lower limb extremity - thigh, shank (leg) , ankle, foot

Question 2

Anatomical Position

Answer 2

Everything facing forwards, including palms. Ankles in slight dorsiflexion

Question 3

Anatomical Direction

Answer 3

• Always use a “reference point”
• All words will basically be directions
  ie/ the head is superior to the abdomen, where abdomen is our reference point

Question 4

Superior

Answer 4

Towards the head, or above another feature

Question 5

Inferior

Answer 5

Away from the head, or a lower structure

Question 6

Anterior

Answer 6

Nearer to or at the front of the body

Question 7

Posterior

Answer 7

Nearer to or at the back of the body

Question 8

Medial

Answer 8

Nearer to or at the midline (middle) of the body

Question 9

Lateral

Answer 9

Towards the outer edges of the body

Question 10

Ipsilateral

Answer 10

On the same side of the body as another structure

Question 11

Contralateral

Answer 11

On the opposite side of the body to another structure

Question 12

Proximal

Answer 12

especially of the limbs it means closer to the torso/trunk. Also closer to the heart

Question 13

Distal

Answer 13

farther away from the torso

Question 14

Superficial

Answer 14

towards the surface of the body

Question 15

deep

Answer 15

away from the surface of the body

Question 16

Anatomical Planes

Answer 16

• all planes are 90 degrees away from each other
• all motions in the body can occur on specific planes

Question 17

sagittal (median) Plane

Answer 17

• divides body left to right
• median plan in the exact middle

Question 18

Coronal (frontal) Plane

Answer 18

• divides body front to back

Question 19

Transverse (horizontal) Plane

Answer 19

divides body top to bottom

Question 20

Axis of Rotation

Answer 20

• In which plane does the action occur?
• In which direction is the axis of rotation?
• The action occurs in the plane
  perpendicular to the axis it moves about

Question 21

Medial-lateral (ML)
– “Mediolateral”

Answer 21

• Sagittal plane movement
• ## involves flexion (lifting towards the body) and extension (pulling away from the body)

Question 22

Superior-inferior (SI)
– “Vertical”

Answer 22

• Transverse plane of motion
• Rotational movements (lateral and medial rotation)

Question 23

Anterior-posterior (AP)
– “Anteroposterior”

Answer 23

• Coronal (frontal) plane of motion
• adduction and abduction

Question 24

Circumduction

Answer 24

• combines extension/flexion and adduction/abduction
• creates circular motion

Question 25

Exceptional cases

Answer 25

• Of the ankle: inversion (sole facing in) and exertion (sole facing out)
• of the hand: gliding (either towards ulna or radius)